"Russia has weakened because of Putin's adventures." Will Moscow help Yerevan?
On the borders of the self-proclaimed republic of Nagorno-Karabakh and Azerbaijan, fighting has not subsided for the fifth day after the Turkish-made Bayraktar unmanned aerial vehicles struck the Armenian Osa anti-aircraft missile systems that covered positions on the front line in Karabakh on Sunday. response to shelling from Nagorno-Karabakh. In less than a week, both the Azerbaijani army and the armed forces of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh suffered significant losses: more than 100 killed soldiers from each side. Dozens of civilians were injured in towns and villages adjacent to the border.
Both sides of the conflict publish many videos showing the destruction of enemy equipment and soldiers, but even against this background, the recordings from the Turkish combat drones "Bayraktar-2" and Israeli "kamikaze drones" used by Azerbaijan stand out, which, according to some sources, could destroy up to 80 % of Armenian air defense systems in the region.
Unlike Turkey, which openly supports Azerbaijan in an effort to regain the disputed territories, Russia, which is an official ally of Armenia and has a military base on the territory of this country, is in no hurry to intervene in the conflict, limiting itself to
calls for a ceasefire. At the same time, the British media
write about the transfer of mercenaries from Syria to Azerbaijan by Turkey, and the Russian media about the fact that fighters of the so-called "Wagner PMC"
are ready to fight on the side of the armies of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh .
Moreover, as reported to Radio Liberty by a source among the "Wagnerites", who wished to remain anonymous for reasons of their own security, they are already in Karabakh and are participating in hostilities - in particular, we are talking about operators of ATGM (anti-tank guided missiles), which are supposedly deadline were mobilized to be sent to the region. According to the source of Radio Liberty, the first fighters of the PMC Wagner arrived in Nagorno-Karabakh a month ago. There is no independent confirmation of this information yet, but Russian
journalists are already active in Karabakh , who previously accompanied the "Wagnerites" in Syria, and on September 26, on the last day of the Russian military exercises "Kavkaz-2020", which took place
in Armenia as well., the military transport An-124-100 of the Ministry of Defense has landed in Yerevan. According to
one of the versions , he could deliver the Tor M-2 and Pantsir-S2 surface-to-air missile systems to Armenia. Interestingly, this plane flew to Armenia from Rostov-on-Don, located just 300 kilometers from
the PMC Wagner base in Molkino and used more than once to send Russian mercenaries from PMC Wagner abroad. Note that the RBC edition
wrote about the plans of the Russian Ministry of Defense to send "Wagnerites" to Nagorno-Karabakh with reference to an unnamed FSB officer in the summer of 2016.
Foreign mercenaries in Nagorno-Karabakh
After the publication of this material, French President Emmanuel Macron also said , citing data from the French special services, that there are Syrian mercenaries in Nagorno-Karabakh who had arrived there through Turkey. As for the Russian mercenaries from PMC Wagner, a day after the publication, Radio Liberty still does not have any independent confirmation of the fact of their presence in the self-proclaimed republic. On Thursday evening, entrepreneur Yevgeny Prigozhin , who is often associated with PMC Wagner, once again denied his involvement in its activities, statingat the same time, which considers Nagorno-Karabakh "Azerbaijani territory". RFE / RL has not yet been able to get a comment on the message and the presence of "Wagnerites" in Nagorno-Karabakh at the Armenian Defense Ministry: the department's hotline does not answer, and the ministry's website did not work as of Friday morning.
A new active phase of this conflict has been going on for the fifth day. Who is winning it at the moment? And is it even possible to pose the question in this way?
- Starting from September 27 and up to the present moment, the advantage is undoubtedly on the side of Azerbaijan, it is conducting active offensive operations. We still do not see the result of these actions in full, but we understand, judging by the data of objective control, that the Azerbaijani army is realizing its advantage in the initiative. What is happening now, we will see when there will be some kind of operational pause, because both sides very tightly control any information from the combat zone, which would make it possible to determine the exact contour, the exact situation on the ground. The aim of the fighting in Azerbaijan is to recapture by force as much of the territory as possible. The main blow is delivered in the south, in the
"buffer zone"controlled by the Armenian army since 1994, the main battles are taking place there. Since both sides are bringing reserves to the area, the exact outcome of the fighting is unknown, and it is now unclear when the fighting will stop and the situation will be fixed. It will be possible to say who won and who was defeated after the active phase of full-scale hostilities ends. It is not yet clear what can stop them.
If we compare the material and technical equipment of the Armenian army and the army of the unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh on the one hand and the Azerbaijani on the other, then with the naked eye we can see the significant advantage of Azerbaijan. In such a situation, what can Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh oppose to the Azerbaijani forces, what advantages do they have on their side?
For many years, Armenia, like during this outbreak of hostilities, has an advantage due to a higher motivation of personnel, due to a higher level of training, first of all, of the infantry, a key type of troops. Therefore, at the moment, what is holding the front, what is resisting, is the combat groups of the Armenian infantrymen. The readiness for self-sacrifice, the readiness to act in the face of the enemy's complete technical superiority now plays the main role in why Armenia continues to fight in Karabakh. Everything comes from personal human qualities, everything now rests on character and blood.
If you watch the videos that the Azerbaijani side and the Turkish media publish every day, you might get the impression that the shock drones have already destroyed almost all Armenian and Karabakh air defense systems, artillery, and dozens of trucks with personnel. Are drones really the deciding factor in this conflict?
- Certainly. Several factors are at play here. First, a very large-scale electronic intelligence system. Obviously, since Turkey is involved on a large scale in the conflict, they have space intelligence data, they control - apparently from space - the front line, they have operational data that Azerbaijan receives, so they know where to send the drones. They use drones on a massive scale, obviously, these are large Turkish supplies, supplies from Israel. Drones are used in groups, they are used in large numbers. And they are provided with means of electronic warfare. Radio-technical reconnaissance and means of electronic warfare allowed Azerbaijan to destroy with one blow essentially the entire military air defense, which covered the forward positions of the troops.
At the moment, we see that Armenia is trying to cover Stepanakert from drone attacks, that is, rear positions, but judging by the video from the front, the Armenians simply do not have air cover for very many forward positions. The drones feel completely impunity and the strikes are delivered unhindered. At the same time, I want to note that the level of losses that can be seen in the video isthese are undoubtedly very heavy losses, very serious, but not yet critical for such a motivated army as the Armenian, which is used to fighting under the conditions of the enemy's technical superiority. Even with these losses, they will continue to hold out, since the infantry is not so sensitive to these strikes, and we can see from the Armenian video that after all, in a number of sectors of the front, despite even these drones, they continue to carry out their tasks, continue to hold positions ...
It is often said that the relief of the area stands on the Armenian side, those heights that in the past were occupied by the Armenian army. How important is this factor?
Of course, the terrain is very important if you know how to apply it correctly. But, of course, it is not a panacea. The relief is important, but given the massive use of drones, given that the main attack is being made in the southern direction, where the terrain is still not so mountainous, given that the drones have now begun to strike, as we can see from the video, at artillery positions, in Under these conditions, the relief itself will not play the role of "fortress". Here fire support is needed, reserves are needed, good shelters are needed, and the relief itself gives an advantage, but this advantage is not decisive if the enemy acts in a complex manner, uses artillery, target designation, and reconnaissance. We see that so far Azerbaijan does not show any big territorial advances, but, of course.
Do you have a feeling that Azerbaijan was planning a kind of blitzkrieg and could not implement it?
I think the blitzkrieg was expected, perhaps there was such a plan. But I believe that there was an overestimation of one's own forces and an underestimation of the enemy's forces, and on both sides, both Armenians and Azerbaijanis. All the same, the infantry is the key branch of the troops, and Azerbaijan underestimates the importance of the infantry: we see that most of the Azerbaijani military personnel are tied to equipment, we see a very limited use of infantry, mainly equipment is used.
In the mountains, and indeed in modern warfare, this cannot be a panacea. The army must be balanced, and the infantry is no less important than the technical part. The infantry is the backbone of the army. It cannot be subordinate to technology. On the contrary, technology exists to support the actions of the infantry. I think that a blitzkrieg was really planned, the idea was just that - an operation with broad goals, but Azerbaijan underestimated the resilience of the Armenian infantry, Armenian ground forces. Of course, in order to act in conditions of complete enemy air superiority, one must have great courage. And we see that now the Armenians are "in character" continue to hold positions. The question is - which will end first, drones or character and desire to stand to the end?
There are many rumors and unconfirmed reports about the transfer of mercenaries from Syria by Turkey to support Azerbaijan. There are also rumors about the transfer of Russian mercenaries to Karabakh. Maybe it is they who are prepared for the role of the very infantry, which at some point will enter into action, that is, it will not be army infantry, but mercenaries?
-I don't think they will play a key role. This is already a war between two armies, which have their own structure, their own control system, and here some crowds of people cannot change anything. These volunteers can strengthen someone somewhere, but they cannot play an independent role. Moreover, Armenia and Azerbaijan's opponents are quite old, they have significant experience of military operations, and the arrival of new people who are not familiar with the situation on the theater of operations will not lead to any change. Besides, they need weapons, control systems, all this is not so easy to do. The situation there is not at all simple. We see that the Azerbaijani army, it should be emphasized, - despite all the drones, despite the superiority in the number of equipment - suffers very serious losses, I think, comparable to the Armenian ones. Maybe these are smaller losses in technology, but this is a big loss in people. Therefore, simply increasing the number of people who are on the front line, in the mountains, is not some kind of solution, with illiterate use it will only increase the number of targets, no more. Therefore, I do not think that the arrival of any mercenaries, volunteers will have a decisive impact.
The arrival of new people is rather a mobilization of public opinion, it is attracting volunteers, this is especially important for Armenians, it is material assistance from the diaspora. For Azerbaijan, this is most likely also only a moral factor, because the Azerbaijani army has an advantage on the battlefield, has the initiative, has the support of the Turkish regular army, and this is a more serious resource than the transfer of some mercenaries. We see that Turkey is rather actively rendering assistance to Azerbaijan, and I think that a large number of drones, especially the Bayraktar drones, which were transferred from Turkey back in July, are controlled by Turkish calculations. In such a short period of time, Azerbaijan could hardly find personnel to manage them or quickly train them. Volunteers or mercenaries will not play a decisive role in the active phase of the war.
Turkey is behind Azerbaijan, and can its formal ally, Russia, help Armenia?
Russia should have helped Armenia, since Armenia is a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, of which Russia is the leader. Russia has a military base in Armenia. Russia has a special relationship with Armenia, loans for the supply of weapons. That is, Armenia is Russia's ally in the Caucasus. Nevertheless, we see that Russia has become so weakened recently as a result of Putin's numerous adventures, as a result of getting involved in wars in Ukraine, Syria, Africa, as a result of sanctions, conflicts of various kinds, poisoning, as a result of this chaotic policy Putin's Russia has weakened its authority so much that, in fact, this war shows that Turkey is the regional leader in the Caucasus, not Russia. And Russia is afraid of any active actions at all, even statements on this matter,
This war shows that Turkey, not Russia, is the regional leader in the Caucasus
Russia is in conflict with the whole world, is involved in such a number of problematic issues that authority, influence - all this has been lost, and Russia is really afraid of Turkey now, because any form of confrontation with Turkey will mean a fairly quick elimination of Putin's Syrian adventure. Putin has embarked on an adventure in Syria that is absolutely senseless for him, and naturally, Turkey now has a very convenient leverage to influence Moscow. With this Russian adventure, the Russian group in Syria hostage, Erdogan can absolutely calmly, with impunity and confidently dictate to Russia new rules of the game in the Caucasus. Therefore, I think that Russia will not intervene. Turkey, it seems to me, will not conduct a direct military invasion from its territory, but will provide Azerbaijan with full assistance and, from an international legal point of view, will generally use this situation. From the point of view of international law, the liberation of the so-called "buffer zone" by Azerbaijan is an absolutely impeccable story, and therefore Aliyev and Erdogan, of course, are clearly playing it out. And I think that here they will move on
(In 1993, the inclusion of the "buffer zone" by Nagorno Karabakh in its composition was qualified by the UN Security Council as the occupation of the territory of Azerbaijan by local Armenian forces. - Note RS).
Your personal forecast: how will the conflict in Karabakh end this time? Do you have a feeling that Azerbaijan is determined to leave not empty-handed?
Since 1994, in fact, the situation in Nagorno-Karabakh has been quite stable. This was the case until 2016. In 2016, the scenario of a local military operation was worked out, and the political situation has not changed since 2016. The tension grew even more. The military clashes in July, the so-called
"Tavush battles" , have shown this. Now Azerbaijan, using the changed foreign policy situation, has decided to use force factors, realizing the ineffectiveness of diplomatic instruments. Where will he stay? Now I do not see such factors of international pressure that could stop them, given that Azerbaijan fully relies on the support of Turkey.
I think that diplomatic negotiations are underway, negotiations are underway within the framework of NATO with Turkey, and I think if this war is stopped, it will not be stopped soon. There are no prerequisites for a quick cessation of hostilities yet. If the Armenians do not find enough air defense systems to knock out of the game the constant unpunished presence of shock drones over their heads, Azerbaijan will continue. From a military point of view, it will be beneficial for him to continue the hostilities, because during these hostilities the Armenian army suffers heavy losses in equipment, and knocking out all means of supply and reinforcement, of course, leads to a sharp drop in combat effectiveness and to a sharp complication of the defensive operation. For the southern, more "tank-accessible" directions, on the so-called "Fizuli direction", this is critical.
I think that until Azerbaijan acquires some great territorial advantages in the southern direction, in the buffer zone, they will not stop the operation. They need the capture from the point of view of information-psychological warfare of some large settlement. I see that they are deliberately moving in the direction of Fuzuli, for them this is one of the objectives of the operation - to show the capture of a large, well-known settlement
(Now Fuzuli, located in the "buffer zone", has been destroyed and abandoned . - RS note). Until they fulfill this goal or until the Armenians have a response to the actions in the air, the Azerbaijani operation will continue.
На границах самопровозглашенной республики Нагорный Карабах и Азербайджана пятый день не утихают бои после того, как в воскресенье беспилотные аппараты "Байрактар" турецкого производства нанесли удар по армянским зенитно-ракетным комплексам "Оса", прикрывавшим позиции на передовой в Карабахе, –...
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