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1)That paper is politically motivated in my opinion. They can't prove Indian origin of Steppe MLBA ancestry, so they went on decoupling it from vedic people and attributing them IVC, just a form of neo-OIT lol. 4k-6k worth of drift should have been readily apparent on stats/calculator. Ganj...

This is still remains pretty accurate at a broad level.

The results that those companies provide are based on reference populations available to them and unfortunately South Asian reference population are not that broad. But the high quality raw data can be used for analysis via admixture based calculators and g 25.

For South Asians those tests are only worth for their raw data.

Indo-Aryan progenitors + SIS BA2 type of population (IVC). Jatts and Rors have highest Steppe in India and likely represent the autosomal profile of proto- Brahmins.

These languages were brought by rice farmers from the East. Today tribes like Munda and Gond derive significant proportion of their ancestry from these farmers. This ancestry is indicated by the 'SE Asian' component in those calculators and by the Y haplogroup O.

Yes, that's what I have heard.

I think Ganj Dareh were replaced by Iran Chalcolithic population.

We will need more ancient DNA and archeological evidence to confirm that.

-I think they believe that because of apparent archeological continuity between SE Iranian Neolithic sites to mehrgarh and eventually IVC. - Based on antrophometrically heterogeneous skulls, I am guessing they had always guessed it be heterogeneous. -This was believed due to-* Earliest...

I think it was very much of what was expected. -That's still up for debate, archeology can answer that I suppose. - Yes, IVC was not a homogeneous populations with some having 70%+ IranN (the western Eurasian shifted type) to almost tribal like people. -Yes it is. -Yes, there is continuity.

Definitely it is possible. We probably have some surplus ANE ancestry even after accounting current ancient west Eurasian samples. Some pre IVC ANE admixture is possible, which would means we can find ANE related haplogroups such as R1, R2 and Q (in samples of that time at least). But it is...

I am confused about it too. It is probably a Western Siberian Hunter Gatherer (WSHG) sample. From wikipedia- West Siberian Hunter-Gatherer (WSHG) are a specific archaeogenetic lineage, first reported in a genetic study published in Science in September 2019. WSGs were found to be of about 30%...

Our climate is very unforgiving to the DNA 😔. I read somewhere that petrous temporal bone has higher concentration of DNA which has made recovery of sufficient quantity & quality DNA possible from regions like West Asia & South Asia.

Are they trying to sequence them?

It would be great if they are pre Neolithic.

Their ages?

Each subclade in a haplogroup represent a separate branch of a family (y haplogroup- father to son to future male descendants, Mt haplogroup - mother to daughter to future Female descendants). Sons inherit maternal haplogroup from their mothers too, but it is a dead end since we cannot pass our...

In the above case the present Americans would show a founder effect that is the current descendants will carry haplogroups derived from the limited stock of founding fathers. Although it is also possible that the founding population has somehow all the diverse branches which were found in their...

Phenotype determination can be complex and tricky. Jatts/Rors should have most exotic looking phenotypes going by the genetics but it is the kashmiris (who have more AASI and lesser steppe as compared to jatts) who often exhibit more 'exotic' phenotypes.