World War II

Shredder

Regular Member
Joined
Oct 13, 2009
Messages
685
Likes
1,856
Country flag
Bloodiest Battle In History : Battle Of Stalingrad

Battle of Stalingrad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Various scholars have estimated the Axis suffered 850,000 casualties (killed, disabled, captured) among all branches of the German armed forces and its allies, many of them POWs who died in Soviet captivity between 1943 and 1955. 400,000 Germans, 120,000 Romanians, 120,000 Hungarians, and 120,000 Italians were killed, wounded or captured.

Of the 91,000 German POWs taken at Stalingrad, 27,000 died within weeks and only 5,000 returned to Germany in 1955. The remainder of the POWs died in Soviet captivity.According to Soviet sources, the Axis lost 1.5 million killed[/B], wounded or captured in the whole Stalingrad area.50,000 ex-Soviets Hiwis (local volunteers incorporated into the German forces in supporting capacities) were killed or captured by the Red Army. According to archival figures, the Red Army suffered a total of 1,129,619 total casualties, 478,741 men killed or missing and 650,878 wounded.

These numbers are for the whole Stalingrad Area; in the city itself 750,000 were killed, captured, or wounded. The Soviet authorities executed approximately 13,500 Soviet soldiers during the battle, equivalent to an entire division.Also, more than 40,000 Soviet civilians died in Stalingrad and its suburbs during a single week of aerial bombing as the German Fourth Panzer and Sixth armies approached the city; the total number of civilians killed in the regions outside the city is unknown. In all, the battle resulted in an estimated total of 1.7 million to 2 million Axis and Soviet casualties.
 

bengalraider

DFI Technocrat
Ambassador
Joined
Oct 10, 2009
Messages
3,779
Likes
2,666
Country flag
WW2 axis history for january day by day report

January 1

January 1, 1941: Hitler, in his New Year's order of the day to the German armed forces, promises "...completion, on the Western Front, of the greatest victory in our history..."

January 1, 1943:German troops of 1. Panzerarmee (von Kleist) in the Caucasus begin withdrawing from the Terek front to avoid being cut off by Soviet forces attacking from the northeast toward Rostov-on-Don.

January 1, 1944:Field Marshal Rommel is appointed C-in-C of Heeresgruppe B, the German forces in France north of the Loire river.

January 2

January 2, 1942: On the central front in Russia, the Red Army achieves a breakthrough at Rshev.

January 3

January 3, 1944: The US Fifth Army (Clark) begins an offensive against the German forces in Italy (Kesselring) entrenched in the Gustav Line along the Rapido river, with its center at Cassino.

January 4

January 4, 1942: The Red Army captures Kaluga SW of Moscow.

January 4, 1944: On the southern front in the Ukraine, Soviet forces cross the old Polish-Russian border in Volhynia.

January 5

January 5, 1941: The British 8th Army (Wavell) captures Bardia in Cyrenaica, taking 45,000 Italian prisoners.

January 5, 1942: German forces in the Crimea repulse a Soviet landing at Eupatoria.

January 6

January 6, 1941: In his annual message to Congress, President Roosevelt announces the "Four Freedoms". The Luftwaffe launches its first attacks against British convoys bound for Malta in the Mediterranean.

January 7

No major events on this day.

January 8

January 8, 1942: On the Northern front in Russia, the Red Army begins an offensive near Lake Ilmen.

January 8, 1943: General Rokossovsky, C-in-C of Don Front, issues a surrender ultimatum to the troops of 6.Armee, guaranteeing "their lives and safety, and after the end of the war return to Germany', and promising that "...medical aid will be given to all wounded, sick and frost-bitten..."

January 9

January 9, 1943: The Soviet ultimatum to 6.Armee at Stalingrad is ignored by order of Colonel-General von Paulus, and the battle continues with unabated ferocity.

January 10

January 10, 1942: Colonel-General Ernst Udet, head of Luftwaffe aircraft production and development, commits suicide for failure to provide adequate replacements and new improved aircraft models.

January 10, 1943: After a 55-minute bombardment by thousands of guns and rocket-launchers, and employing seven armies, the Red Army begins Operation Ring, the final annihilation of the tattered remnants of 6.Armee defending themselves desperately against all odds in the ruins of Stalingrad.

January 11

January 11, 1942: The Kriegsmarine begins Operation Drum Beat, the first coordinated attack carried out by five U-boats initially against US shipping along the East Coast of the United States. Their first victim is the 9,000 ton British freighter Cyclops which is sunk by U-123 (Kptlt. Hardegen).

January 11, 1944: 660 heavy bombers of the US 8th Air Force carry out attacks against industrial targets at Braunschweig, Magdeburg and Ascherleben.

January 12

January 12, 1943: The Red Army begins an offensive to restore the land communications with the encircled city of Leningrad. In the East, Heeeresgruppe A continues its withdrawal from the Caucasus to the Taman peninsula, i.e. the Kuban bridgehead.

January 12, 1945: The Soviet 1st Ukrainian Front (Konev) launches an offensive from its bridgehead across the Vistula at Baranov.

January 13

January 13, 1945: In the East, the Soviet 1st Belorussian Front (Zhukov) begins an offenive toward Pillkallen in East Prussia. German forces of Heeresgruppe E complete their withdrawal from Greece and Albania.

January 14

January 14, 1942: At the so called Arcadia Conerence held in Washington, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill agree to concentrate the Allied war effort on the European theater.

January 14, 1943: Beginning of the Casablanca Conference in Morocco with Rooseelt and Churchill and the Allied joint staff under General Dwight D. Eisenhauer.

January 14, 1944: South of Leningrad, the Red Army begins an offensive against the lines of Heeresgruppe Nord (von Küchler) at Narva

January 14, 1945: The Soviet 2nd Belorussian Front (Rokossovsky) begins an offensive from its Narev bridgehead against Elbing in East Prussia.

January 15

January 15, 1942: Heeresgruppe Mitte (von Kluge) evacuates the Kaluga sector and takes up winter positions 20 m further West.

January 15, 1943: On the Northern front in Russia, the Red Army captures Velikije Luki in the Valdai Hills.

January 15, 1944: In Italy, French troops under General Juin capture Monte Santa Croce.

January 15, 1945: In its drive toward the Oder river, the Red Army captures Kielce in western Poland.

January 16

January 16, 1945: In the Battle of the Bulge, US and British forces brought up to block the German advance meet at Houffalize.

January 17

January 17, 1942: The British 8th Army (Auchinlech) captures ollum in Cyrenaica.

January 17, 1945: The Red Army captures Czenstochova, while German forces evacuate Warsaw. The German defenders of encircled Budapest withdraw to Buda on the western bank of the Danube.

January 18

January 18, 1942: In the East, the Red Army encircles seeral German divisions at Demjansk near Lake Ilmen. In the Crimea, German troops of Heeresgruppe B recapture Feodosia and seal off the Soviet bridgehead at Kerch. Germany, Italy and Japan sign a new military treaty.

January 18, 1944: German forces of Heeresgruppe Mitte repel repeated Soviet attacks in the area of Vitebsk.

January 18, 1945: German troops in Poland evacuate Kracow. Beginning of a German offensive from Lake Balaton to lift the Soviet siege of Budapest.

January 19

January 19, 1945: Sweeping the German defenders before it, the Red Army captures Lodz.

January 20

January 20, 1941: With Hitler's tacit support, Marshal Antonescu suppresses a rebellion by the Iron Guard in Rumania.

January 20, 1943: The Red Army begins an offensive against Heeresgruppe Mitte in the Voronesh area.

January 20, 1944: On the Northern front in Russia, the Red Army recaptures Novgorod. The RAF launches a heavy attack (700 bombers) against Berlin.

January 21

January 21, 1941: The US informs the Soviet Union that the "moral embargo" imposed on it after its 1939 attack on Finland no longer applies.

January 21, 1942: Having been reenforced and resupplied, the Afrikakorps begins a counter-offensive against the British 8th Army to recapture Cyrenaica. The Luftwaffe, with 400 aircraft available, begins a series of raids against London and ports in southern England. The US Fifth Army (Clark) achieves a landing at Anzio and Nettuno south of Rome.

January 22

January 22, 1945: Advancing in East Prussia, the Red Army captures Insterburg and Allenstein.

January 23

January 23, 1943: Panzerarmee Afrika evacuates Tripoli in Libya.

January 23, 1945: The Kriegsmarine begins the evacuation by sea of hundreds of thousands of civilian refugees from East Prussia and the Danzig area, the Red Army having cut all land communications with the rest of the Reich.

January 24

January 24, 1942: German troops of Heeresgruppe Mitte recapture Suchinitshe near Kaluga.

January 24, 1943: The offensive by the Soviet Trans-Caucasian Front toward the Kuban bridgehead is topped at Novorossiisk and Krasnodar.

January 24, 1945: German forces evacuate Slovakia. The Soviet 1st Ukrainian Front (Konev) captures Oppeln and Gleiwitz in Upper Silesia. Heinrich Himmler is appointed C-in-C of the newly formed Heeresgruppe Weichsel (Vistula).

January 25

January 25, 1941: The British 8th Army recaptures Tobruk in Cyrenaica.

January 25, 1943: At Stalingrad, the Red Army succeeds in splitting the remnants of 6.Armee into a northern and a southern pocket. German forces evacuate Armavir and Voronesh. President Roosevelt and Prime Miniter Churchill end the Caablanca Conference with their announcement of the demand for the unconditional surrender of Germany and Italy.

January 26

January 26, 1942: The first US troops begin arriving in North Africa.

January 26, 1945: The Red Army captures Kattowitz in Upper Silesia.

January 27

January 27, 1944: The Soviet 1st Ukrainian Front launches an offensive against Luzk and Rovno.

January 27, 1945: German forces evacuate the vital coal mining and industrial district of Upper Silesia, a heavy loss for the remaining German war effort.

January 28

January 28, 1941: In Cyrenaica, the Afrikakorps recaptures Benghazi.

January 28, 1944: In the Ukraine, the Red Army succeeds in encircling several German divisions in the area of Tcherkassy.

January 29

January 29, 1941: In Washington, US and British military leaders begin secret staff talks regarding coordination of a common war policy against Germany.

January 29, 1944: 800 bombers of the US 8th Air Force launch heavy attacks against Frankfurt am Main and Ludwigshafen.

January 30

January 30, 1941: THe British 8th Army (Wavell) captures Derna in Egypt from the Italians.

January 30, 1945: In its relentless drive for Berlin, the Red Army reaches the Oder river at Küstrin and establishes several bridgeheads. On the twelfth anniversary of his coming to power Hitler, in his last speech to the country, calls for fanatical resistance by soldiers and civilians and predicts that "...in this struggle for survival it will not be inner Asia that will conquer, but the people that has defended Europe for centuries against the onslaughts from the East, the German nation..." Also on this date, the Wilhelm Gustloff, an ex-Kraft Durch Freude ship (Strength Through Joy) in the service of the German Kriegsmarine, is sunk in the Baltic Sea by a Soviet sub with the loss of over 9,343 lives - the largest single naval disaster in history (The Goya, another German ship similar to the Gustloff, would be sunk on April 16th, 1945, taking with it another 6,000 lives, making these two ships the worst naval disasters of all time.)

January 31

January 31, 1943: At Stalingrad, the exhausted troops of 6.Armee in the southern pocket of the Kessel, with newly promoted Field Marshal von Paulus, have spent their last rounds and surrender to the Red Army.
 

bengalraider

DFI Technocrat
Ambassador
Joined
Oct 10, 2009
Messages
3,779
Likes
2,666
Country flag
Hitler commits suicide

With the Russian army pressuring Berlin, Hitler committed suicide alongside of his companion Eva Braun beneath the Berlin Chancellery on 30 Apr 1945. Earlier that morning, Hitler married Braun in a small ceremony. That afternoon, at about 1530, Hitler pulled the trigger of a pistol against his right temple, while Braun swallowed cyanide. SS Oberscharfuehrer Rochus Misch, who was Hitler's bodyguard, courier, and telephone operator, was in Hitler's bunker during his final days, as he noted during a 2009 interview with BBC journalist Steven Rosenberg. He was working as a telephone and teletype machine operator when others in the bunker realized Hitler had pulled the trigger. He recalled:

Suddenly I heard somebody shouting to Hitler's attendant: 'Linge, Linge, I think it's happened.' They'd heard a gunshot, but I hadn't. At that moment Martin Bormann, Hitler's private secretary, ordered everyone to be silent. Everyone began whispering. I was speaking on the telephone and I made sure I talked louder on purpose because I wanted to hear something. I didn't want it to feel like we were in a death bunker.... Then Bormann ordered Hitler's door to be opened. I saw Hitler slumped with his head on the table. Eva Braun was lying on the sofa, with her head towards him. Her knees were drawn tightly up to her chest. She was wearing a dark blue dress with white frills. I will never forget it.... I watched as they wrapped Hitler up. His legs were sticking out as they carried him past me. Someone shouted to me: 'Hurry upstairs, they're burning the boss!' I decided not to go because I had noticed that Mueller from the Gestapo was there - and he was never usually around. I said to my comrade Hentschel, the mechanic: 'Maybe we will be killed for being the last witnesses.'
Hitler left behind a battered Europe and countless millions of broken families. However, he did contribute to the growth of the future Germany as well. Among his contributions were the beginning of the German superhighways infrastructure and the creation of the Volkswagen.
 

bengalraider

DFI Technocrat
Ambassador
Joined
Oct 10, 2009
Messages
3,779
Likes
2,666
Country flag
What do you think about Wunderwaffe? Do you think it existed?
The wunderwaffe refers to the entire series of planned super weapons of the third Reich some of these were built and some actually served in the war , while some remained no more than the fancy of a megalomaniac.
some wunderwaffe that actually made it to the front lines were

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Type_XXI_submarine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturer_Emil
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arado_Ar_234
 
Last edited:
Joined
Feb 16, 2009
Messages
29,797
Likes
48,276
Country flag
http://expressbuzz.com/world/indian-men-faced-first-japanese-attack/168286.html


Indian men faced first Japanese attack


COLOMBO: History is all set to be rewritten. Contrary to the general impression that US naval personnel stationed at Pearl Harbour in Hawaii were the first to be attacked by the Japanese that resulted in US' entry into World War II, the first to face the Japanese onslaught was an Indian army unit comprising Dogras from Jammu on the beach at Kota Bharu on the north-eastern coast of Malaya.

New research reveals that the Japanese naval fleet, which had anchored 3 miles off Kota Bharu, started shelling the beach held by the 8th Indian Infantry Brigade at 12.30 am local time on December 8, 1941 — when the Japanese Air Force planes heading towards Pearl Harbour in the Pacific Ocean were still 20 minutes away from their target.

The attack on Pearl Harbour began at 2.38 am local time on December 8, 1941. But, the US forces, reporting it as per their standard time, misleadingly stated it to have taken place on December 7.

The palm-fringed, barbed-wired and heavily mined Kota Bharu Beach was held by the 3/17 Dogra Regiment under the command of Lt Col G A Preston.

Omar Senik, an 82-year-old local survivor of the first battle fought in Asia, told Japanese news agency Kyodo that local villagers and Indian soldiers were singing Hindi film songs on the beachfront when they saw Japanese landing craft approaching.

The Dogras promptly opened a volley of machine gun and artillery fire. In the ensuing battle, which saw intense hand to hand combat, 300 Japanese soldiers were killed.

But, the Dogras finally had to retreat because the Japanese, many of them hardened veterans of the war in China, came in waves.

The brigade took part in all early campaigns in Malaya, but retreated to Singapore along with other Allied forces. After it surrendered to the Japanese in Singapore on February 15, 1942, it was officially disbanded.
 

bengalraider

DFI Technocrat
Ambassador
Joined
Oct 10, 2009
Messages
3,779
Likes
2,666
Country flag
a great color video of the Luftwaffe i found with a haunting soundtrack, has some gun camera footage as well enjoy guys!

 
Last edited by a moderator:

RAM

The southern Man
Senior Member
Joined
Jul 15, 2009
Messages
2,288
Likes
445
Country flag
More than 900 unexploded bombs from World War II found in Japan



TOKYO: More than 900 unexploded bombs from World War II have been found beneath a restaurant in Okinawa, police said Thursday.

Construction workers on a road expansion project detected the explosives with a metal detector and notified police Wednesday morning, Kiyotaka Maedomari, a senior police official in Itoman city, said.

An army bomb disposal squad discovered the total of 902 unexploded bombs, believed to have been made in the United States, he said.

"It's rare to find this many unexploded bombs at once," said Maedomari.

"Because unexploded bombs from World War II are scattered across Okinawa, construction workers always use metal detectors before starting to dig the ground," he said.

Unexploded bombs are periodically found across Japan, even in highly developed Tokyo, but cases of injury-causing detonation are rare.

Okinawa was the bloodiest battle of the Pacific war, with US forces unleashing an 83-day air and amphibious assault dubbed by locals the "Typhoon of Steel". Some 190,000 Japanese died, half of them Okinawan civilians.

In January last year, a Japanese worker was severely injured when a World War II bomb exploded in Itoman city.

An estimated 10,000 tonnes of unexploded munitions were left in Okinawa after the war. About 4,500 tonnes remained by the time the United States returned Okinawa to Japan in 1972.

Since then, Japan's armed forces have disposed of another 1,500 tonnes, but it is expected to take 80 years or more to remove the rest.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/...War-II-found-in-Japan/articleshow/6171549.cms
 

bengalraider

DFI Technocrat
Ambassador
Joined
Oct 10, 2009
Messages
3,779
Likes
2,666
Country flag
Indian Army in WW2 the series from BBC





 
Last edited by a moderator:

ashdoc

Senior Member
Joined
Jul 21, 2010
Messages
2,980
Likes
3,679
Country flag
Bloodiest Battle In History : Battle Of Stalingrad

Battle of Stalingrad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Various scholars have estimated the Axis suffered 850,000 casualties (killed, disabled, captured) among all branches of the German armed forces and its allies, many of them POWs who died in Soviet captivity between 1943 and 1955. 400,000 Germans, 120,000 Romanians, 120,000 Hungarians, and 120,000 Italians were killed, wounded or captured.

Of the 91,000 German POWs taken at Stalingrad, 27,000 died within weeks and only 5,000 returned to Germany in 1955. The remainder of the POWs died in Soviet captivity.According to Soviet sources, the Axis lost 1.5 million killed[/B], wounded or captured in the whole Stalingrad area.50,000 ex-Soviets Hiwis (local volunteers incorporated into the German forces in supporting capacities) were killed or captured by the Red Army. According to archival figures, the Red Army suffered a total of 1,129,619 total casualties, 478,741 men killed or missing and 650,878 wounded.

These numbers are for the whole Stalingrad Area; in the city itself 750,000 were killed, captured, or wounded. The Soviet authorities executed approximately 13,500 Soviet soldiers during the battle, equivalent to an entire division.Also, more than 40,000 Soviet civilians died in Stalingrad and its suburbs during a single week of aerial bombing as the German Fourth Panzer and Sixth armies approached the city; the total number of civilians killed in the regions outside the city is unknown. In all, the battle resulted in an estimated total of 1.7 million to 2 million Axis and Soviet casualties.
it was a turning point no doubt.....but the battle of kursk was more bloody,and also was the greatest tank battle in history.
 

Neil

Senior Member
Joined
Jun 23, 2010
Messages
2,818
Likes
3,546
Country flag
Hitler's secret Indian army

In the closing stages of World War II, as Allied and French resistance forces were driving Hitler's now demoralised forces from France, three senior German officers defected.

The information they gave British intelligence was considered so sensitive that in 1945 it was locked away, not due to be released until the year 2021.

Now, 17 years early, the BBC's Document programme has been given special access to this secret file.

It reveals how thousands of Indian soldiers who had joined Britain in the fight against fascism swapped their oaths to the British king for others to Adolf Hitler - an astonishing tale of loyalty, despair and betrayal that threatened to rock British rule in India, known as the Raj.

The story the German officers told their interrogators began in Berlin on 3 April 1941. This was the date that the left-wing Indian revolutionary leader, Subhas Chandra Bose, arrived in the German capital.

Bose, who had been arrested 11 times by the British in India, had fled the Raj with one mission in mind. That was to seek Hitler's help in pushing the British out of India.

Six months later, with the help of the German foreign ministry, he had set up what he called "The Free India Centre", from where he published leaflets, wrote speeches and organised broadcasts in support of his cause.

By the end of 1941, Hitler's regime officially recognised his provisional "Free India Government" in exile, and even agreed to help Chandra Bose raise an army to fight for his cause. It was to be called "The Free India Legion".

Bose hoped to raise a force of about 100,000 men which, when armed and kitted out by the Germans, could be used to invade British India.

He decided to raise them by going on recruiting visits to Prisoner-of-War camps in Germany which, at that time, were home to tens of thousands of Indian soldiers captured by Rommel in North Africa.

Volunteers
Finally, by August 1942, Bose's recruitment drive got fully into swing. Mass ceremonies were held in which dozens of Indian POWs joined in mass oaths of allegiance to Adolf Hitler.

These are the words that were used by men that had formally sworn an oath to the British king: "I swear by God this holy oath that I will obey the leader of the German race and state, Adolf Hitler, as the commander of the German armed forces in the fight for India, whose leader is Subhas Chandra Bose."

I managed to track down one of Bose's former recruits, Lieutenant Barwant Singh, who can still remember the Indian revolutionary arriving at his prisoner of war camp.

"He was introduced to us as a leader from our country who wanted to talk to us," he said.

"He wanted 500 volunteers who would be trained in Germany and then parachuted into India. Everyone raised their hands. Thousands of us volunteered."

Demoralised
In all 3,000 Indian prisoners of war signed up for the Free India Legion.

But instead of being delighted, Bose was worried. A left-wing admirer of Russia, he was devastated when Hitler's tanks rolled across the Soviet border.

Matters were made even worse by the fact that after Stalingrad it became clear that the now-retreating German army would be in no position to offer Bose help in driving the British from faraway India.

When the Indian revolutionary met Hitler in May 1942 his suspicions were confirmed, and he came to believe that the Nazi leader was more interested in using his men to win propaganda victories than military ones.

So, in February 1943, Bose turned his back on his legionnaires and slipped secretly away aboard a submarine bound for Japan.

There, with Japanese help, he was to raise a force of 60,000 men to march on India.

Back in Germany the men he had recruited were left leaderless and demoralised. After much dissent and even a mutiny, the German High Command despatched them first to Holland and then south-west France, where they were told to help fortify the coast for an expected allied landing.

After D-Day, the Free India Legion, which had now been drafted into Himmler's Waffen SS, were in headlong retreat through France, along with regular German units.

It was during this time that they gained a wild and loathsome reputation amongst the civilian population.

The former French Resistance fighter, Henri Gendreaux, remembers the Legion passing through his home town of Ruffec: "I do remember several cases of rape. A lady and her two daughters were raped and in another case they even shot dead a little two-year-old girl."

Finally, instead of driving the British from India, the Free India Legion were themselves driven from France and then Germany.

Their German military translator at the time was Private Rudolf Hartog, who is now 80.

"The last day we were together an armoured tank appeared. I thought, my goodness, what can I do? I'm finished," he said.

"But he only wanted to collect the Indians. We embraced each other and cried. You see that was the end."

Mutinies
A year later the Indian legionnaires were sent back to India, where all were released after short jail sentences.

But when the British put three of their senior officers on trial near Delhi there were mutinies in the army and protests on the streets.

With the British now aware that the Indian army could no longer be relied upon by the Raj to do its bidding, independence followed soon after.

Not that Subhas Chandra Bose was to see the day he had fought so hard for. He died in 1945.

Since then little has been heard of Lieutenant Barwant Singh and his fellow legionnaires.

At the end of the war the BBC was forbidden from broadcasting their story and this remarkable saga was locked away in the archives, until now. Not that Lieutenant Singh has ever forgotten those dramatic days.

"In front of my eyes I can see how we all looked, how we would all sing and how we all talked about what eventually would happen to us all," he said.


http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3684288.stm
 

ashdoc

Senior Member
Joined
Jul 21, 2010
Messages
2,980
Likes
3,679
Country flag
hitler had a contemptous opinion..........rightly so of course ..........of indians as warriors...........and when asked about them said ," Indians !!!!???? maybe if the war was going to be won on who turned prayer wheels most ,maybe the indian legion could have won the war for us........otherwise what are they going to do ?? "

however some of the RSS brand of indians proved to be as fanatically devoted to nazism and the swastika as germans ,and surprised the gremans with their ferocity ,especialy while killing suspected traitors.
 

Global Defence

New threads

Articles

Top