Ankit Purohit
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Great Friend, Good Sharing :thumb:
The Discovery of India, Facts about India
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Ten Biggest Achievements of Independence of India
I would like to list the main ten biggest achievements of independence of Republic of India, and i would welcome other members to help me, if i do mistakes, which would then need to be improved. thanks:
1st, The Democratic Structure, remarkable in Whole World
Its really hard to find a country like India, a non-religious country even if Hindus accounts for 80% population, which share equal rights and equal opportunities with all the communities, regardless any religion/ race/ language etc, with providing more opportunities to the weak part of the society like women/ dalits etc in different competitive exams. India may proudly say that it had many minority Presidents/ PMs/ CMs/ Governors/ Chief Justice/ IAS toppers/ Bollywood superstars/ Generals etc as its the country the most deserving people go high, regardless their religious/ racial/ language etc background
you did get a country like India, which is hard to find anywhere else
2nd, Literacy Rate
comparison based on 347 million people in 1947 to 1.25 billion people by 2013. here we find, Youth Literacy Rate would reach 90%+ by 2013, as we had almost 99%+ attendance of kids in schools since 1997
3rd, Per Capita Income of India
British Left around 2% to 5% rich and rest poor in 1947, out of total 347 million population in 1947, while we now have around 350 million Middle Class of India whose Per Capita Income is well over $20,000+ on PPP now, similar to Very High HDI countries like Argentina, Poland, Saudi Arabia etc
=> GDP per Capita of India on PPP by 2013
Considering the method which was in application till 2006, by both World Bank and IMF
We have new GDP Per Capita on PPP calculation for India considering the year 2013 also, as below:
now poverty of India is because of its over population. Most of the problems of India is because of its Over Population and India has to reduce its population only. otherwise India has around 350mil Upper Middle Class, more than total population in 1947, whose per capita income on PPP is similar to the Very High HDI countries like Argentina, Poland, Saudi Arabia etc. one day I calculated as below:-
first, we find GDP on PPP of India was $4.8tn in 2012 but its still manipulated by the US/UK since 2007. as, till 2006, we had a different way of measuring GDP on PPP which used to include estimated undocumented part of GDP also. and I remember, this way GDP of high population 'developing' countries was around 50% to 80% higher, and for the middle order countries like Brazil/Turkey it was around 10% to 25% higher. and for the developed nations, the difference was hardly around 1% to 3% by that "Old Method" which was in application till 2006. like as below:
again we have India's growth rate since 2007 as below:
India GDP Annual Growth Rate
here we find, "Average Growth Rate" of India from first quarter of 2008 till the December quarter 2012, stood at around 7.6%, on 'annual' basis. hence considering GDP on PPP of India at $5.16tn in 2007 by Old Method as above, with the estimated 5.0% growth by 2013, we may calculate its value by 2013, after 6 years since early 2008, as below:
GDP on PPP of India by end 2012 = 5.16*1.076*1.076*1.076*1.076*1.076*1.05= $7.81 trillion on PPP
but we would also get to know that PPP value consider value of goods and services in US$ term, means we would also include the factor of inflation of United States also. and if we consider average 2.0% inflation of US for these 6 year in between early 2006 to 2013, with considering an overall factor of just 1.12 this way, then GDP on PPP of India comes around = 7.81* 1.12= $8.75tn by 2013. and it still hasn't included 'Value Added' effects........
again, we know that share of agriculture would be around 17.0% in India's GDP in 2013. therefore, we find share of agriculture in indian economy, 0.17 * 8.75= $1.5 trillions (around), on which 50% population of india is dependent. means around 600mil people based on agriculture in india have per capita income around = $2,500 on PPP by 2013 this way, which is itself similar to the better side of Lower Order Countries like Bangladesh.....
this way, 8.75 - 1.50 = $7.25tn is left for rest of 600mil people based in industry and service in India, with per capita income of around $12,100 on PPP which is higher than Middle Order Countries like Brazil, South Africa etc..........
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook//rankorder/2004rank.html
again, we have news that 25% of the population of cities are either in slum or in bit better condition only. so we would consider per capita income of 300mil living in cities in low condition at hardly $3,000 which takes a share of $900 billion from its GDP. hence we are then left with around 7.25 - 0.9 = $6.35 trillions for the rest of 300 mil people living in cities, the so called Middle Class of India with per capita income around $21,166 on PPP this way.
but it is estimated that out of total 600mil people based in agriculture sector, it also has around 50mil Lower Middle Class with Per Capita Income around $15,000 on PPP. (as we know that agriculture has higher share of 'undocumented' part, with that, Agriculture also has higher share of non-taxable business of India.) Hence, we find total middle class of India around 350mil with per capita income around $20,000+ on PPP which is similar to Very High HDI countries like Argentina, Poland etc, which is more than total population of India at the time of freedom in 1947 :ranger:
I would like to list the main ten biggest achievements of independence of Republic of India, and i would welcome other members to help me, if i do mistakes, which would then need to be improved. thanks:
1st, The Democratic Structure, remarkable in Whole World
Its really hard to find a country like India, a non-religious country even if Hindus accounts for 80% population, which share equal rights and equal opportunities with all the communities, regardless any religion/ race/ language etc, with providing more opportunities to the weak part of the society like women/ dalits etc in different competitive exams. India may proudly say that it had many minority Presidents/ PMs/ CMs/ Governors/ Chief Justice/ IAS toppers/ Bollywood superstars/ Generals etc as its the country the most deserving people go high, regardless their religious/ racial/ language etc background
you did get a country like India, which is hard to find anywhere else
2nd, Literacy Rate
comparison based on 347 million people in 1947 to 1.25 billion people by 2013. here we find, Youth Literacy Rate would reach 90%+ by 2013, as we had almost 99%+ attendance of kids in schools since 1997
3rd, Per Capita Income of India
British Left around 2% to 5% rich and rest poor in 1947, out of total 347 million population in 1947, while we now have around 350 million Middle Class of India whose Per Capita Income is well over $20,000+ on PPP now, similar to Very High HDI countries like Argentina, Poland, Saudi Arabia etc
=> GDP per Capita of India on PPP by 2013
Considering the method which was in application till 2006, by both World Bank and IMF
We have new GDP Per Capita on PPP calculation for India considering the year 2013 also, as below:
now poverty of India is because of its over population. Most of the problems of India is because of its Over Population and India has to reduce its population only. otherwise India has around 350mil Upper Middle Class, more than total population in 1947, whose per capita income on PPP is similar to the Very High HDI countries like Argentina, Poland, Saudi Arabia etc. one day I calculated as below:-
first, we find GDP on PPP of India was $4.8tn in 2012 but its still manipulated by the US/UK since 2007. as, till 2006, we had a different way of measuring GDP on PPP which used to include estimated undocumented part of GDP also. and I remember, this way GDP of high population 'developing' countries was around 50% to 80% higher, and for the middle order countries like Brazil/Turkey it was around 10% to 25% higher. and for the developed nations, the difference was hardly around 1% to 3% by that "Old Method" which was in application till 2006. like as below:
means, GDP of India on PPP was already $5.16tn in 2007, higher than Japan that year, making it the 3rd Largest Economy on PPP by 2007 itself this way.
again we have India's growth rate since 2007 as below:
India GDP Annual Growth Rate
here we find, "Average Growth Rate" of India from first quarter of 2008 till the December quarter 2012, stood at around 7.6%, on 'annual' basis. hence considering GDP on PPP of India at $5.16tn in 2007 by Old Method as above, with the estimated 5.0% growth by 2013, we may calculate its value by 2013, after 6 years since early 2008, as below:
GDP on PPP of India by end 2012 = 5.16*1.076*1.076*1.076*1.076*1.076*1.05= $7.81 trillion on PPP
but we would also get to know that PPP value consider value of goods and services in US$ term, means we would also include the factor of inflation of United States also. and if we consider average 2.0% inflation of US for these 6 year in between early 2006 to 2013, with considering an overall factor of just 1.12 this way, then GDP on PPP of India comes around = 7.81* 1.12= $8.75tn by 2013. and it still hasn't included 'Value Added' effects........
again, we know that share of agriculture would be around 17.0% in India's GDP in 2013. therefore, we find share of agriculture in indian economy, 0.17 * 8.75= $1.5 trillions (around), on which 50% population of india is dependent. means around 600mil people based on agriculture in india have per capita income around = $2,500 on PPP by 2013 this way, which is itself similar to the better side of Lower Order Countries like Bangladesh.....
this way, 8.75 - 1.50 = $7.25tn is left for rest of 600mil people based in industry and service in India, with per capita income of around $12,100 on PPP which is higher than Middle Order Countries like Brazil, South Africa etc..........
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook//rankorder/2004rank.html
again, we have news that 25% of the population of cities are either in slum or in bit better condition only. so we would consider per capita income of 300mil living in cities in low condition at hardly $3,000 which takes a share of $900 billion from its GDP. hence we are then left with around 7.25 - 0.9 = $6.35 trillions for the rest of 300 mil people living in cities, the so called Middle Class of India with per capita income around $21,166 on PPP this way.
but it is estimated that out of total 600mil people based in agriculture sector, it also has around 50mil Lower Middle Class with Per Capita Income around $15,000 on PPP. (as we know that agriculture has higher share of 'undocumented' part, with that, Agriculture also has higher share of non-taxable business of India.) Hence, we find total middle class of India around 350mil with per capita income around $20,000+ on PPP which is similar to Very High HDI countries like Argentina, Poland etc, which is more than total population of India at the time of freedom in 1947 :ranger:
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4th, The Industrialized India
; India has now entered among the Newly Industrialized nations as below:
=> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newly_industrialized_country#Current_NICs
Im running a thread to list major Indian Industries in details as below too:
=> http://defenceforumindia.com/forum/...de-india-indian-firms-shine-across-globe.html
also Im running a thread to list Indian Economy's performance among the BRIC as below too
=> http://defenceforumindia.com/forum/...978-bric-e7-largest-emerging-economies-8.html
; India had overall 5.84% growth rate since 1951
India did have poor performance during the 90s when India had only around 5.4% grow rate during the decade, as this "un-elected" Manmohan Singh, (who never fought any election in life, born in Punjab but he is elected from North East on Rajya Sabha seat,) straight copied economic policy of Pakistan in 1991, hence bring the growth down for the next 12 years. but finally India could get its first 8.0% growth rate by 2003-04, after 13 years of economic reforms, thanks to the Vajpayee government of that time
=> India copied Pak reforms in 1990s: Nawaz Sharif
=> we now have Industrialists as below too, who are building the nation. as we do know that our these honored Super Riches/ Billionaires don't have money in pocket, but they are Industrialists/ billionaires in terms of the industries they have to provide employment, generating taxes for the government which government use to help the common public itself, with introducing new technologies too through their industries, hence building the nation this way....
The report as below, mention around 115 Billionaires in India, as compare to hardly around 60 by Forbes. its because Forbes estimate only Share values, while the report as below includes, "shares in public and private companies, residential and investment properties, art collections, planes, cash and other assets, according to Wealth-X...". :ranger:
World's Billionaire Club Grows; Ultra Millionaires Lose Money - WORLD PROPERTY CHANNEL Global News Center
and here is the main report, as below :thumb:
Wealth-X World Ultra Wealth Report 2011-2012 | Wealth-X
also, we may have an overall look on the UHNW of the whole world by this report as below :ranger:
=> further to the above talks, BRIC economies as whole have their UHNWI estimate, with India's at around 8,200, is given in the article as below:
=>
=>
; India has now entered among the Newly Industrialized nations as below:
=> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newly_industrialized_country#Current_NICs
Im running a thread to list major Indian Industries in details as below too:
=> http://defenceforumindia.com/forum/...de-india-indian-firms-shine-across-globe.html
also Im running a thread to list Indian Economy's performance among the BRIC as below too
=> http://defenceforumindia.com/forum/...978-bric-e7-largest-emerging-economies-8.html
; India had overall 5.84% growth rate since 1951
India did have poor performance during the 90s when India had only around 5.4% grow rate during the decade, as this "un-elected" Manmohan Singh, (who never fought any election in life, born in Punjab but he is elected from North East on Rajya Sabha seat,) straight copied economic policy of Pakistan in 1991, hence bring the growth down for the next 12 years. but finally India could get its first 8.0% growth rate by 2003-04, after 13 years of economic reforms, thanks to the Vajpayee government of that time
=> India copied Pak reforms in 1990s: Nawaz Sharif
=> we now have Industrialists as below too, who are building the nation. as we do know that our these honored Super Riches/ Billionaires don't have money in pocket, but they are Industrialists/ billionaires in terms of the industries they have to provide employment, generating taxes for the government which government use to help the common public itself, with introducing new technologies too through their industries, hence building the nation this way....
The report as below, mention around 115 Billionaires in India, as compare to hardly around 60 by Forbes. its because Forbes estimate only Share values, while the report as below includes, "shares in public and private companies, residential and investment properties, art collections, planes, cash and other assets, according to Wealth-X...". :ranger:
World's Billionaire Club Grows; Ultra Millionaires Lose Money - WORLD PROPERTY CHANNEL Global News Center
and here is the main report, as below :thumb:
Wealth-X World Ultra Wealth Report 2011-2012 | Wealth-X
also, we may have an overall look on the UHNW of the whole world by this report as below :ranger:
=> further to the above talks, BRIC economies as whole have their UHNWI estimate, with India's at around 8,200, is given in the article as below:
BRIC Country Super-Rich Worth $4 Trillion
The future of wealth will be built with BRICs.
According to new data from Wealth-X, the wealth research and consulting firm, Brazil, Russia, India and China now have a combined 25,600 people with $30 million or more in net worth (which includes shares in publicly traded and closely held companies, residential and investment real estate, art, planes, cash and other investible assets).
That is about half the number of ultra-high-net individuals in the U.S., according to Wealth-X.
The BRIC ultrarich have a combined net worth of $4.125 trillion, compared to $6.4 trillion for the U.S.
What is most interesting about the BRIC data is the concentration of wealth at the very top of the wealth pyramid. In Russia, the nation's 80 billionaires account for 7% of the total population of people with a net worth of $30 million or more, but they own 84% of that group's $640 billion in wealth.
In Brazil, the nation's 50 billionaires account for less than 1% of the ultrarich population but a third of the group's $890 billion in wealth. India's 115 billionaires represent 1.4% of the total ultrarich population and 20% of the group's wealth of $945 billion.
China's billionaires account for 1% of the ultrarich and about a third of their wealth of $1.65 trillion.
The U.S., of course, isn't exactly a model of equity when it comes to billionaires and the ultra-rich. Its 450 billionaires account for less than one percent of the ultra-rich population but control 25% of the group's $6.4 trillion wealth.
But the fastest global growth in billionaires and their lesser ultra-rich aspirants will likely be from the BRICS rather than the U.S. or Europe.
"In Russia, as in other emerging markets"¦.billionaires and near-billionaires, followed in aggregate by the mass of ultra-high-net-worth will dominate wealth," according to Wealth-X.
Which country would you want to live in if you had a net worth of $30 million or more?
BRIC Country Super-Rich Worth $4 Trillion - The Wealth Report - WSJ
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.
SELECTED LETTERS FROM SELECTED WORKS OF MAHATMA GANDHI
To Subhash Chandra Bose
Birla House,
New Delhi,
2-4-1939
My dear Subhash,
I have yours of 31st march as also the previous one. You are quite frank and I like your letters for the clear enunciation of your views.
The view you express seem to be so diametrically opposed to those of the others and my own that I do not see any possibility of bridging them. I think that such school of thought should be able to put forth its views before the country without any mixture. And if this is honestly done, I do not see why there should be any bitterness engaging in civil war.
What is wrong is not the differences between us but loss of mutual respect and trust. This will be remedied by time which is the best healer. If there is real non-violence in us, there can be no civil war and much bitterness.
Taking all things into consideration, I am of opinion that you should at once form your own Cabinet fully representing your views. Formulate your programme definitely and put it before the forthcoming A. I. C. C. If the Committee accepts the programme all will be plain-sailing and you should be enabled to prosecute it unhampered by the minority. If on the other hand your programme is not accepted you should resign and let the committee choose it president. And you will be free to educate the country along your lines.:ranger: I tender this advice irrespective of Pandit pant's resolution.
My prestige does not count. It has an independent value of its own. When my motive is suspected or my policy or programme rejected by the country, the prestige must go. India will rise and fall by the quality of the sum total of her many millions. Individuals, however high they may be, are of no account except in so far as they represent the many millions. Therefore let us rule it out of consideration.
I wholly dissent from your view that the country has been never so violent as now. I smell violence in the air I breath. But the violence has pout on a subtle form. Our mutual distrust I a bad form of violence. The widening gulf between Hindus and Mussalmans points to the same thing. I can give further illustrations.
We seem to differ ad to the amount of corruptions in the Congress. My impression is that it is in the increase. I have been pleading for the past many months for a thorough scrutiny.
In these circumstances I se no atmosphere of non-violent mass action. An ultimatum without effective sanction is worse than useless.
But as I have told you that I am an old man perhaps growing timid and over-cautious and you have youth before you and reckless optimism born of youth. I hope you are right. I am wrong. I have the firm belief that the Congress as it is today cannot deliver goods, cannot offer civil disobedience worth the name. Therefore if your prognosis is right, I am s back and played out as the generalissimo of Satyagraha.
I am glad you have mentioned the little Rajkot affair. It brings into prominent relief the different angles from which we look at things. I have nothing to repent of in the steps I have taken I connection with it. I feel that it has great national importance. I have not stopped civil disobedience in the other States for the sake of Rajkot. But Rajkot opened my eyes. It showed me the way. I am not in Delhi for my health. I am reluctantly in Delhi awaiting the Chief Justice's decision. I hold it to be my duty to be in Delhi till the steps to be taken in due fulfillment of the Viceroy's declaration in his last wire to me are finally taken. I may not run any risk. If I was invited the Paramount Power to do its duty, I was bound to be in Delhi to see that the duty as fully performed. I saw nothing wrong in the Chief Justice being appointed the interpreter of the document whose meaning was put in doubt by the Thakor Sahib. By the way, Sir Maurice will examine the document not in his capacity as Chief Justice but as a trained jurist trusted by the Viceroy. By accepting the Viceroy's nominee as judge, I fancy I have shown both wisdom and grace and what is more important I have increased the Vice regal responsibility in the matter,
Though we have discussed sharp differences of opinion between us, I am quite sure that our private relations will not suffer in the least. If they are from the heart, I believe they are, they will bear the strain of these differences.
Love
BAPU
Netaji SC Bose is considered as the second father of nation of India, and Mr Gandhi's private letter to him put emphasis on the fact that, "India will rise and fall by the quality of the sum total of her many millions."......
5th, The Most Competent Indians on the World Platform
We have 3 main exam on the international level to measure competency of different nationals, which may then help them get scholarship from the top institutes of world, mainly from US's and British institutes. its GRE for engineering, GMAT for Management and one for medicines..... but I would rank GMAT scores as the main exam as even engineers/doctors try hard for it as it may then help them get entry in the top Business Institutes and then they may get one of the highest payments after a MBA degree from there....
=> We have QS ranking of the Management Institutes as below. here we may compare average GMAT scores by Indian institutes with rest of the world. (to check IQ, as mentioned in this article.)
http://www.topmba.com/mba-rankings/global-200/2010/region/asia
(here, GMAT score for IIM Calcutta was '760' in 2009 which is incorrectly written here for 2010 as 500 only. Minimum GMAT score required for admission in IIM Calcutta is "700", as per in "Admissions Requirements" section of this website.)
Indian Institute of Management Calcutta | QS TopMBA.com
as below, few US's institutes have average 700+ score due to international students only otherwise compare yourselves with European shiits, only French ANSEAD could have on average above 700 GMAT score . while British Management Institutes have more than 70% international students only. now you will get to know, how Indians of average 780 marks have raised US's overall score to above 700 for its top management institutes, helping the Americans performing high in business side by their talent, similarly how Indian professionals are back boon of US's technological firms.
http://www.topmba.com/mba-rankings/global-200/2010/region/north-america (North America)
http://www.topmba.com/mba-rankings/global-200/2010/region/europe (Europe)
http://www.topmba.com/mba-rankings/global-200/2010/region/latin-america (Latin and Central America)
in this news as below, Im only surprised on ANSEAD France whose average GMAT score we find 700+, only in Europe. otherwise we do know that US+UK institutes have those international students, mainly Indians, who got admission there under their scholarship program, and hence it raised overall GMAT score of those few top US's/UK's institutes this way
ask Indian Middle Class here, do they want to reach the current state of US+EU??????
=>
Indian MBA students world's most academically distinguished
BANGALORE: It is students from IIM-Bangalore, not from Harvard or Stanford or even MIT, who excel at GMAT, the entrance test for the creme de la creme of B-schools across the world.
According to the QS Global 200 Business Schools report, Indian MBA candidates are the world's most academically distinguished, with students of the IIM-B, scoring the highest average of 780. IIM-B students are ahead of the leading US institution Stanford and INSEAD in Europe, the survey said.
While the average GMAT score of Stanford is 730, INSEAD lies at 704. Second to IIM-B students in GMAT score are their counterparts from IIM, Ahmedabad with 767.
The survey says, "IIM Ahmedabad is notable for the extraordinarily high average GMAT scores of its students, with its figure of 767 exceeded only by fellow Indian institution, IIM Bangalore (780). This places the two ahead of any North American or European school for the academic quality of their student intake. The fact that students enrolled at both schools have an average of just two years of professional experience underlines the tendency for academically gifted students to move quickly on to the MBA qualification at the outset of their careers, rather than using it to up-skill at mid career, as is more common in Europe and North America."
IIM-B also appears in the survey as one of the emerging global business schools across the world, overtaking Melbourne Business School.
"It is the testimony to high quality talent that our country has. It is no surprise that Indian students have outscored others from across the globe. What is needed now is the establishment of premier institutes like Harvard and Stanford in India as well, so that these young minds could express their intelligence in best possible manner. This is possible only when full autonomy is provided to the universities," said T V Mohandas Pai, chairman, Manipal Global Education Services.
"At the time of independence, our universities at Mumbai, Chennai, Calcutta, Mysore and Baroda were among the top 200 in the world. Today, they do not fare in any ranking at all. This is the result of bad government policy. Full autonomy, independent board of governors and focus on research are the factors crucial for a good university," said Pai.
The colleges were also judged on different subjects under their programme. In corporate social responsibility, IIM-B ranked 21 among the top 50 business colleges across the globe, whereas IIM-A grabbed 19th rank.
When it comes to emphasis on start-ups and small businesses to kick-start private sector growth ( entrepreneurship), IIM-B ranked 25 and IIM-A ranked 17. Under 'innovation', IIM-B was placed at 17th with a score of 90.6, whereas IIM-A ranked 13, with a score of 97.4 out of 100.
QS is an online and offline meeting place for aspiring managers, B-schools and businesses for career and educational -related decisions.
Many leaders in India
For the leadership development programme, four colleges from India feature among top 50 universities. They are: IIM-A, IIM-B, IIM-C and Indian School of Business (ISB).:tup:
Highlights of the survey
Schools ranked for employer reputation in 10 subject specializations. Harvard tops the table in three subjects, ahead of Stanford and MIT with two apiece. Wharton is number one for finance
Three Asian schools make the Elite global category: INSEAD Singapore, IIM-A and NUS Business School, National University of Singapore
No Elite Global schools in either Africa and Middle East, or Latin America
Indian MBA students world's most academically distinguished: Survey - The Times of India
=> Comparative Competency of Overseas Indians, mainly those based in US
Indian Americans: The New Model Minority - Forbes
02.24.09
The 2008 election barely ended before the GOP began touting the presidential prospects of Louisiana Gov. Piyush "Bobby" Jindal, the son of Indian immigrants. Tuesday, Jindal becomes the new face of his party when he delivers the official Republican response to President Obama's speech to Congress. Whether or not he actually runs for president in 2012, Jindal symbolizes a remarkable but rarely discussed phenomenon--the amazing success of Indian Americans in general, and what that success says about our immigration policy.
Most Americans know only one thing about Indians--they are really good at spelling bees. When Sameer Mishra correctly spelled guerdon last May to win the 2008 Scripps National Spelling Bee, he became the sixth Indian-American winner in the past 10 years. Finishing second was Sidharth Chand. Kavya Shivashankar took fourth place, and Janhnavi Iyer grabbed the eighth spot. And this was not even the banner year for Indian Americans--in 2005, the top four finishers were all of Indian descent.
It's tempting to dismiss Indian-American dominance of the spelling bee as just a cultural idiosyncrasy. But Indian success in more important fields is just as eye-catching. Despite constituting less than 1% of the U.S. population, Indian-Americans are 3% of the nation's engineers, 7% of its IT workers and 8% of its physicians and surgeons. The over-representation of Indians in these fields is striking--in practical terms, your doctor is nine times more likely to be an Indian-American than is a random passerby on the street.
Indian Americans are in fact a new "model minority." This term dates back to the 1960s, when East Asians--Americans of Chinese, Japanese and Korean descent--were noted for their advanced educations and high earnings.
East Asians continue to excel in the U.S, but among minority groups, Indians are clearly the latest and greatest "model." In 2007, the median income of households headed by an Indian American was approximately $83,000, compared with $61,000 for East Asians and $55,000 for whites.
About 69% of Indian Americans age 25 and over have four-year college degrees, which dwarfs the rates of 51% and 30% achieved by East Asians and whites, respectively. Indian Americans are also less likely to be poor or in prison, compared with whites.
So why do Indian Americans perform so well? A natural answer is self-selection. Someone willing to pull up roots and move halfway around the world will tend to be more ambitious and hardworking than the average person. But people want to come to the U.S. for many reasons, some of which--being reunited with other family members, for example--have little to do with industriousness. Ultimately, immigration policy decides which kinds of qualities our immigrants possess.
Under our current immigration policy, a majority of legal immigrants to the U.S. obtain green cards (permanent residency) because they have family ties to U.S. citizens, but a small number (15% in 2007) are selected specifically for their labor market value. The proportion of Indian immigrants given an employment-related green card is one of the highest of any nationality. Consequently, it is mainly India's educated elite and their families who come to the U.S.
The success of Indian Americans is also often ascribed to the culture they bring with them, which places strong--some would even say obsessive--emphasis on academic achievement. Exhibit A is the spelling bee, which requires long hours studying etymology and memorizing word lists, all for little expected benefit other than the thrill of intellectual competition.
But education and culture can take people only so far. To be a great speller--or, more importantly, a great doctor or IT manager--you have to be smart. Just how smart are Indian Americans? We don't know with much certainty. Most data sets with information on ethnic groups do not include IQ scores, and the few that do rarely include enough cases to provide interpretable results for such a small portion of the population.
The only direct evidence we have comes from the 2003 New Immigrant Survey, in which a basic cognitive test called "digit span" was administered to a sample of newly arrived immigrant children. It is an excellent test for comparing people with disparate language and educational backgrounds, since the test taker need only repeat lengthening sequences of digits read by the examiner. Repeating the digits forward is simply a test of short-term memory, but repeating them backward is much more mentally taxing, hence a rough measure of intelligence.
When statistical adjustments are used to convert the backward digit span results to full-scale IQ scores, Indian Americans place at about 112 on a bell-shaped IQ distribution, with white Americans at 100.112 is the 79th percentile of the white distribution. For more context, consider that Ashkenazi Jews are a famously intelligent ethnic group, and their mean IQ is somewhere around 110.
Given the small sample size, the rough IQ measure and the lack of corroborating data sets, this finding of lofty Indian-American intelligence must be taken cautiously. Nevertheless, it is entirely consistent with their observed achievement.
The superior educational attainment, academic culture and likely high IQ of Indian Americans has already made them an economic force in the U.S., and that strength can only grow. Does this continuing success imply they will become a political force? Here, Gov. Jindal is actually a rarity. Indians are still underrepresented in politics, and they do not specialize in the kinds of fields (law and finance) most conducive to political careers. Time will tell if they are able to convert economic power into serious political influence, as a Jindal presidency could.
A much clearer implication of Indian-American success is that immigrants need not be unskilled, nor must their economic integration take generations to achieve. In sharp contrast to Indian Americans, most U.S. immigrants, especially Mexican, are much less wealthy and educated than U.S. natives, even after many years in the country.
A new immigration policy that prioritizes skills over family reunification could bring more successful immigrants to the U.S. By emphasizing education, work experience and IQ in our immigration policy, immigrant groups from other national backgrounds could join the list of model minorities.
There is nothing inevitable about immigration. Who immigrates each year is a policy decision, free to be modified at any time by Congress. Constructing new legislation is always difficult, but I propose a simple starting point for immigration selection: Anyone who can spell guerdon is in! :thumb:
Jason Richwine is a National Research Initiative fellow at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington.
Indian Americans: The New Model Minority - Forbes.com
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6th, India Could "STILL" maintain the most Admired Cultural Background of the World
India could 'still' keep the crime rates down, even after 66 years, while being in touch with rest of the world too
Crime Comparison between the two largest Democracies of the World
with considering the facts that Indians don't get social security/ free medical etc like USA too.
Comparison based on per 100,000 (lakh) people
=> India tops world murder count - Times Of India
1st,
Rapes in Eastern Democracy of India = 18,357/ 120,00 (100,000) = 1.53
2nd,
Total Murders in Eastern Democracy of India = 32,719/ 12000 (100,000) = 2.73
3rd,
Total Crimes in Eastern Democracy of India = 50,26,337/ 12000 (100,000) = 418.8
=> India tops world murder count - Times Of India
Total Crime Ratio between the two largest democracies of the world = 18.4
And yes its also a fact that all these dramatic increase in Murders, crimes, mainly Rapes, started during last 7-8 years only, check the data's. we even find India to be dropped 25 points on the corruption ranking in just 5 years, out of hardly 180 countries, as below. the very first outcome of inviting the Western Culture and their all the good and bad.
and i have said before, if the Indian government doesn't take proper steps to control influence of Western Culture, then soon they will have to build more jails for those people who dont even have house, and living in slums
=> India 72 in corruption index in 2007
=> India ranked 94th in Corruption Perception Index ratings by 2012
=> Overall Picture of the two largest Eastern and Western Democracies of the World
India could 'still' keep the crime rates down, even after 66 years, while being in touch with rest of the world too
Crime Comparison between the two largest Democracies of the World
with considering the facts that Indians don't get social security/ free medical etc like USA too.
Comparison based on per 100,000 (lakh) people
=> India tops world murder count - Times Of India
1st,
here, Rapes in Western Democracy of US = 93,934/ 3000 (100,000) = 31.31
Rapes in Eastern Democracy of India = 18,357/ 120,00 (100,000) = 1.53
2nd,
Total Murders in Western Democracy of US = 16,692/ 3000 (100,000) = 5.56
Total Murders in Eastern Democracy of India = 32,719/ 12000 (100,000) = 2.73
3rd,
Total Crimes in Western Democracy of US = 2,31,13,708/ 3000 (100,000) = 7704.6
Total Crimes in Eastern Democracy of India = 50,26,337/ 12000 (100,000) = 418.8
=> India tops world murder count - Times Of India
Total Crime Ratio between the two largest democracies of the world = 18.4
And yes its also a fact that all these dramatic increase in Murders, crimes, mainly Rapes, started during last 7-8 years only, check the data's. we even find India to be dropped 25 points on the corruption ranking in just 5 years, out of hardly 180 countries, as below. the very first outcome of inviting the Western Culture and their all the good and bad.
and i have said before, if the Indian government doesn't take proper steps to control influence of Western Culture, then soon they will have to build more jails for those people who dont even have house, and living in slums
=> India 72 in corruption index in 2007
=> India ranked 94th in Corruption Perception Index ratings by 2012
=> Overall Picture of the two largest Eastern and Western Democracies of the World
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7th, Building Infrastructure of India
we find India having traveled a long distance a long distance in this area and would catch up with the forward emerging economies by end of this decade, as below. here we find India among the top 5 countries on most of the criterion as below:
;
=> The analysis as below would have variations by upto 20%+ margin, i guess, but we do have a comparative analysis of Infrastructure Assets of India, while comparing it with rest of the major emerging economies of world. infrastructure of a developed country is defined at 90%+ in this list, and here we find India at 46%, just above Brazil, among the major emerging economies. here we find India at close to 50% would mean that it has traveled at least the half way in this regard, but future investments in infrastructure in India does look promising......
=>
we find India having traveled a long distance a long distance in this area and would catch up with the forward emerging economies by end of this decade, as below. here we find India among the top 5 countries on most of the criterion as below:
;
;
;
;
=> The analysis as below would have variations by upto 20%+ margin, i guess, but we do have a comparative analysis of Infrastructure Assets of India, while comparing it with rest of the major emerging economies of world. infrastructure of a developed country is defined at 90%+ in this list, and here we find India at 46%, just above Brazil, among the major emerging economies. here we find India at close to 50% would mean that it has traveled at least the half way in this regard, but future investments in infrastructure in India does look promising......
=>
Ten remarkable infrastructure developments in India
31 Jul, 2013
For any country, its infrastructure is a matter of pride. From roadways, railways to airports and other smart-city initiatives, the last few years have witnessed a phenomenal change in the sector, leading to world-class facilities coming up across various parts in the country.
We take a look at ten remarkable infrastructure-related developments and projects that have come up in India, in the past few years:
1st, Dubbed an engineering marvel, the first phase of Mumbai's Eastern Freeway from Orange gate to Panjarpol opened to the public in June 2013 while the second and last phase from Panjarpol to Ghatkopar expected to be thrown open in July.
Over 25,000 vehicles are expected to take the freeway daily. The Eastern Freeway elevated road will be the longest such in an urban area in the country. The bridge will have 313 pillars and 3,340 segments.
The 17-km freeway is divided in three parts: the 9.29-km elevated road, the 4.3-km road-tunnel-flyover and an elevated 2.5-km flyover from Panjarpol till the Mankhurd-Ghatkopar Link Road (MGLR) via Govandi. The eastern freeway is Mumbai's most ambitious and much awaited project in terms of traffic decongestion as the road is expected to decongest entire eastern road corridor of the city.
2nd, Indore's BRTS - Built on the pattern of Ahmedabad BRTS, The BRTS road route built at a cost of Rs 135 crore. City travellers have a bus frequency of 15 minutes at every specific point. The BRTS consists of physically separated bus lanes and enclosed 'metro-like' stations.
The proposed bus corridor will eventually cover a distance of 120.46 kms. The fare collection system will include smart cards.
Indore's new BRTS: Some interesting facts - Indore's new BRTS: Some interesting facts | The Economic Times
In 2012, The UN chose Ahmedabad's BRTS as a showcase project to highlight that addressing climate change is not a burden, but an opportunity to improve the lives of people. Example of planned commuting system The Ahmedabad BRTS, which began as pilot project on a 12.5 kilometre stretch in July 2009, has emerged as an example of how a planned commuting system can help reduce emissions and improve air quality as well as have a positive impact on urban development.
3rd, Double-decker trains
Its been some years since India's first superfast double-decker train was flagged off, but the railways has been introducing them on many routes. The much-awaited air-conditoned double decker express train between Chennai and Bangalore started its run from April 25 2013 augmenting seat availability in the high-demand route.
Every coach has seats in two decks with food trays attached at the back of each seat. Every row is provided with bottle holders, push back seats, windscreens and also charging socket. Kapurthala RCF is the only railway factory in the country which manufactures double decker AC coaches.
Indian Railway rolls out first AC Double-Decker Train | The Tour Planner's Blog
4th, India's first solar park at Charanka village in Gujarat, Gujarat accounts for 66% of India's total solar power. The country's first Solar Park came up at Charanka village in Gujarat in April 2012. The park at Charanka, spread across 5,000 acres, has 500 MW of generation capacity of both solar and wind energy.
Solar project developers like Alex Astral, US-based Sun Edison, Lanco Solar, Roha Dyechem and GMR Gujarat Solar Power have set up plants in the park. While 214 MW of grid connected solar power was commissioned at Charanka by 17 national and international companies, 10 solar plants having combined generation capacity of 87.49 MW have gone on stream in Surendranagar, 8 in Kutch (85 MW) and three each in Banaskantha (55.20 MW) and Rajkot (25MW), amongst others.
In addition to solar energy, the park also manufactures solar power plant panels and other related equipment. It also provides training to local people of Gujarat to work at solar parks.
Rajiv Kumar Gupta - Solar Cities Emerge in India | Future Cities
5th, Yamuna Expressway: The 165kmlong Yamuna expressway is one of the longest access-controlled six-lane rigid pavements in India. With the help of Yamuna Expressway, the rapidtransit corridor between Delhi and Agra, the drive from Greater Noida to Agra takes just 90 minutes.
On the 165 km Greater Noida-Agra expressway, the maximum speed limit is 100 kmph for cars and 60 km for heavier vehicles. The Yamuna Expressway, besides connecting Delhi to Agra through Noida-Greater Noida Expressway, touches 1,182 villages of Gautam Budh Nagar, Bulandshahar , Aligarh, Hathras (Mahamaya Nagar) and Mathura district.
The expressway provides a safe and an uninterrupted movement of passenger and freight traffic between the nation capital Delhi and Agra.
Yamuna Expressway - Basic Information, Greater Noida
6th, Banihal-Qazigund rail link through India's longest railway tunnel, An 11-km-long tunnel across the treacherous Pir Panjal mountain range on the Banihal-Qazigund railway line in Jammu and Kashmir, is the longest such transportation passage in India and second longest in Asia. The 18-km long Banihal-Qazigund section of the ambitious mountain railway, connecting Kashmir Valley with Jammu region, was inaugurated on June 26.
The railway line, which connects Kashmir Valley with Jammu region, will considerably reduce the travel time between the two places. The distance between Banihal and Qazigund, which is also one of the most treacherous stretches in the entire Kashmir rail network project, will reduce from 35 km by road to 17.5 km on train.
The tunnel is totally water proof and equipped with a fire fighting system across the entire length of the tunnel. The tunnel passes approximately 440 metres below the existing Jawahar Road Tunnel.
India's longest railway tunnel through Pir Panjal mountain range - Banihal-Qazigund rail link through India's longest railway tunnel | The Economic Times
7th, GIFT City in Gujarat, Spread over an area of 886 acres, GIFT city city project aims at state-of-the-art internal infrastructure encompassing all basic urban infrastructure elements along with an excellent external connectivity by roads, metro rail and Bus Rapid Transport Service (BRTS).
The Rs 60,000-crore GIFT City project will house a financial services-based multi-services SEZ, a centre for domestic financial sector, corporate offices, regional offices of companies, a trade centre, housing colonies, social infrastructure and other associated amenities. The project is expected to create ten lakh new jobs in ten years.
The city will use the energy-efficient district cooling system instead of air-conditioning. It will also use an automated waste collection system that sucks away garbage from buildings at high speed.
Gujarat International Finance Tec-City receives World Finance-WN Media Awards
8th, Metro rail projects in various cities, The Metro fever is catching up in smaller cities, thanks largely to the success of Delhi Metro. While Bangalore has already started metro services, Jaipur, Gurgaon and Mumbai are expected to begin operations this year.
Meanwhile, Mumbai's Chembur-Wadala monorail section, which is India's first is set to be operational later this year. The 13 km first reach of Kochi Metro Rail project from Aluva to Palarivattom is expected to be completed by December 2015 and the second by March 2016.
The Hyderabad Metrorail is the world's largest elevated Metro Rail PPP project based on DBFOT basis (Design, Built, Finance, Operate and Transfer).
The Union urban development ministry has decided to consider the proposal for Metro in Tier II cities like Lucknow, Kanpur, Patna, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Indore, Nagpur, Coimbatore, Kozhikode. Guwahati will soon have Metro rail with the Centre approving Assam Government's proposal for the mass transit system.
Introduction of metro railways helps to ease city traffic | India Transport Portal
9th, Modernisation underway at India's airports, World over governments spend billions to make that airport moment agreeable and delightful for visitors and locals alike. India, with the gleamy T3 in Delhi, is just getting there...With the AAI initiating a number of upgradation works -both for airports and airspace navigation - the technology to be used is also undergoing a phenomenal change.
While Hyderabad Airport has been rated as the No. 1 in India by Skytrax-World Airport Awards, the GVK-led consortium that operates Mumbai airport will throw open terminal 2, or T2, that it hopes will outshine Delhi airport's T3.
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport's new passenger terminal has come up in Kolkata. It will have a capacity to handle an annual traffic of 20 million passengers as compared to the present 7.46 million. A new glass-and-steel domestic terminal at Chennai airport is also coming up.
Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport Terminal 3 | CNN Travel
India's first greenfield airport in Hyderabad ready for operation | TopNews
10th, World's highest rail bridge to come up across Chenab river, Arguably one of the toughest engineering challenges in hand, Railways plans to complete the Chenab bridge in Jammu and Kashmir by 2016, making it the world's highest rail bridge.
The arch-shaped bridge across Chenab river-bed in Reasi district, which will be five times the height of Qutab Minar at 359 m above river bed, will connect Baramulla and Srinagar to Jammu via Udhampur-Katra-Qazigund covering the entire route in about seven hours.
World's highest rail bridge to come up across Chenab river - World's highest rail bridge to come up across Chenab river | The Economic Times
=> Ten remarkable infrastructure developments in India - Ten remarkable infrastructure developments in India | The Economic Times
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8th, India's Contribution in Rest of the World
1st, India helped form Non-Aligned Movement, for World's Peace.
2nd, Helping the World free from Nuclear Weapons
3rd, Helping UNSC reform for World Peace
=> India, Japan to hold regular consultations on UN reforms | Business Standard
=> BRICS calls for UNSC reforms - Indian Express
=> G4 nations express vision for a reformed UNSC | Business Line
4th,
5th, Helping Developing Nations
India has around $1.0 billion as aid for different countries, as part of India's Annual Budget
=> 22,000 new scholarships for African students in various academic courses: Preneet Kaur
=> India sets up $15 billion global aid agency | GlobalPost
1st, India helped form Non-Aligned Movement, for World's Peace.
(Leaders of the Non-Aligned Movement: (L to R) PM Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Pres. Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Pres. Gamal Abdel Nasser of United Arab Rep., Pres. Sukarno of Indonesia, & Pres. Tito of Yugoslavia.)
India's Rulers and India's National Interest | Global Political Economy
Speaking at the Seventh Non-Aligned Summit in New Delhi in 1983, Indira Gandhi declared: "Non-alignment is national independence and freedom"¦. It means equality among nations and the democratisation of international relations, economic and political"¦. Nationalism does not detach us from our common humanity"¦. njustice and suffering can and must be diminished."
India's Rulers and India's National Interest | Global Political Economy
2nd, Helping the World free from Nuclear Weapons
As of October 2008, China,[1] India[2] and North Korea[3] have publicly declared their commitment to no first use of nuclear weapons.
No first use - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In accordance with its policy at the Conference on Disarmament (CD) in February 2008, India formally proposed two multilateral agreements and two global conventions in a detailed framework for nuclear disarmament and laid the seven point agenda:
1. Reduction of the salience of nuclear weapons in security doctrines.
2. Negotiation of an agreement on no-first use of nuclear weapons among nuclear weapons states.
3. Negotiation of a universal and legally binding agreement on non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapons states.
4. Negotiation of a convention on the complete prohibition of the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons.
5. Negotiation of a nuclear convention prohibiting development, stockpiling and production of nuclear weapons, moving towards a global, non-discriminatory and verifiable elimination of these weapons.
6. Unequivocal commitment of all nuclear weapons states to reduce risks and dangers arising from the possibility of accidental use of these weapons.
7. Adoption of additional measures by nuclear states to reduce accidental use.
Flawed global nuclear governing system by Chanakya Code : SD Pradhan's blog-The Times Of India
3rd, Helping UNSC reform for World Peace
=> India, Japan to hold regular consultations on UN reforms | Business Standard
=> BRICS calls for UNSC reforms - Indian Express
=> G4 nations express vision for a reformed UNSC | Business Line
4th,
Helping United Nation for World Peace
India is a charter member of the United Nations and participates in all of its specialised agencies. India has contributed troops to United Nations peacekeeping efforts in Korea[dubious – discuss], Egypt and the Congo in earlier years and in Somalia, Angola and Rwanda in recent years, and more recently Haiti. India has been a member of the UN Security Council for six terms (a total of 12 years), and was a member for 2011-12. India is also a member of the G4 group of nations who back each other seek permanent seating on the security council and advocate in favour of the reformation of the UNSC.
As a prominent member of the Non-Aligned Movement that started in 1955, India had traditionally represented the interests of the developing nations (or third world nations, as they were known at that time) and supported the struggle against colonialism and apartheid, its struggle towards global disarmament and the ending of the arms race, and towards the creation of a more equitable international economic order. In the early 1950s, India attempted, like the Soviet Union, unsuccessfully to help the People's Republic of China join the UN but was rebuffed by Western powers. India also had a mediatory role in resolving the stalemate over prisoners of war in Korea contributing to the signing of the armistice ending the Korean War in 1953. India chaired the five-member Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission while the Indian Custodian Force supervised the process of interviews and repatriation that followed. The UN entrusted Indian armed forces with subsequent peace missions in the Middle East, Cyprus, and the Congo (since 1971, Zaire). India also served as chair of the three international commissions for supervision and control for Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos established by the 1954 Geneva Accords on Indochina. India also has served as a member of many UN bodies — including the Economic and Social Council, the Human Rights Commission, and the Disarmament Commission — and on the board of governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency. In addition, India played a prominent role in articulating the economic concerns of developing countries in such UN-sponsored conferences as the triennial UN Conference on Trade and Development and the 1992 Conference on the Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro.[2] It has been an active member of the Group of 77, and later the core group of the G-15 nations. Other issues, such as environmentally sustainable development and the promotion and protection of human rights, have also been an important focus of India's foreign policy in international forums.
India and the United Nations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
5th, Helping Developing Nations
India has around $1.0 billion as aid for different countries, as part of India's Annual Budget
=> Amid slowdown, India ramps up aid for neighbours - Times Of India
=> 22,000 new scholarships for African students in various academic courses: Preneet Kaur
=> India sets up $15 billion global aid agency | GlobalPost
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6th, India Could "STILL" maintain the most Admired Cultural Background of the World
India could 'still' keep the crime rates down, even after 66 years, while being in touch with rest of the world too
Crime Comparison between the two largest Democracies of the World
with considering the facts that Indians don't get social security/ free medical etc like USA too.
Comparison based on per 100,000 (lakh) people
=> India tops world murder count - Times Of India
1st,
here, Rapes in Western Democracy of US = 93,934/ 3000 (100,000) = 31.31
Rapes in Eastern Democracy of India = 18,357/ 120,00 (100,000) = 1.53
2nd,
Total Murders in Western Democracy of US = 16,692/ 3000 (100,000) = 5.56
Total Murders in Eastern Democracy of India = 32,719/ 12000 (100,000) = 2.73
3rd,
Total Crimes in Western Democracy of US = 2,31,13,708/ 3000 (100,000) = 7704.6
Total Crimes in Eastern Democracy of India = 50,26,337/ 12000 (100,000) = 418.8
=> India tops world murder count - Times Of India
Total Crime Ratio between the two largest democracies of the world = 18.4
And yes its also a fact that all these dramatic increase in Murders, crimes, mainly Rapes, started during last 7-8 years only, check the data's. we even find India to be dropped 25 points on the corruption ranking in just 5 years, out of hardly 180 countries, as below. the very first outcome of inviting the Western Culture and their all the good and bad.
and i have said before, if the Indian government doesn't take proper steps to control influence of Western Culture, then soon they will have to build more jails for those people who dont even have house, and living in slums
=> India 72 in corruption index in 2007
=> India ranked 94th in Corruption Perception Index ratings by 2012
=> Overall Picture of the two largest Eastern and Western Democracies of the World
here i would like to confirm that I mentioned "Eastern Democracy of India", and we find enough similarity with Buddhist background Japan. and yes, even if we have a look on the crime rates of the most successful nation of Asia, then its hardly around 59 per 100,000 population, close to India's 40 prisons per 100,000 population as below, even if Japan is highly affected by the Western Culture for last 15-20 year. hence its clear that richness/success doesn't meant for high crime rate in "Eastern Democracies".
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Ten Biggest Achievements of Independence of India cont.....
9th, A Secured and Powerful India
After 64 years of Independence, we now find India having the 4th strongest military power in world, which is strong enough to defend itself from any external threat
=> Global Firepower Military Ranks - 2013
=>
=>
=>
=>
=> World Map - Top Ten Countries with Largest Navies
India's new Navy chief pilots 'blue-water' strategy | Asia Pacific Defense Forum in English
=> BRAHMOS - The World's Fastest Cruise Missile :: BrahMos.com
=> India successfully test-fires Agni-5 missile - Rediff.com India News
=> Indian Strategic Studies: DRDO press release of today's successful anti-ballistic missile test
=> DEFENCE - procurement | Arming the future
=> India's elusive nuclear triad will be operational soon: Navy chief - Times Of India
Nuclear triad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
=> India 'world's biggest arms buyer' - Central & South Asia - Al Jazeera English
=> For Rs 6 lakh crore, Indian armed forces set to acquire Star Wars-like weapons - Indian Express
9th, A Secured and Powerful India
After 64 years of Independence, we now find India having the 4th strongest military power in world, which is strong enough to defend itself from any external threat
=> Global Firepower Military Ranks - 2013
=>
=>
U.S. report says India third most powerful nation
"The new global power line-up for 2010 also predicted that New Delhi's clout in the world will further rise by 2025," as per 'Global Governance 2025,' jointly issued by the National Intelligence Council (NIC) of the U.S. and the European Union's Institute for Security Studies (EUISS).
The U.S. tops the list of powerful countries/regions in 2010, accounting for nearly 22 per cent of the global power. China is second, along with European Union at 16 per cent and India is placed third at eight per cent.. Japan, Russia and Brazil follow India with less than five per cent each.
U.S. report says India third most powerful nation
=>
=>
=> List of main battle tanks by country - Military Power
=> World Map - Top Ten Countries with Largest Navies
India's new Navy chief pilots 'blue-water' strategy | Asia Pacific Defense Forum in English
=> BRAHMOS - The World's Fastest Cruise Missile :: BrahMos.com
=> India successfully test-fires Agni-5 missile - Rediff.com India News
=> Indian Strategic Studies: DRDO press release of today's successful anti-ballistic missile test
=> DEFENCE - procurement | Arming the future
=> India's elusive nuclear triad will be operational soon: Navy chief - Times Of India
Nuclear triad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
=> India 'world's biggest arms buyer' - Central & South Asia - Al Jazeera English
=> For Rs 6 lakh crore, Indian armed forces set to acquire Star Wars-like weapons - Indian Express
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10th, Moving Beyond Earth
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
ISRO has achieved numerous milestones since its establishment. India's first satellite, Aryabhata, was built by ISRO and launched by the Soviet Union in 1975. Rohini, the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3, was launched in 1980. ISRO subsequently developed two other rockets: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for putting satellites into polar orbits and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for placing satellites into geostationary orbits. These rockets have launched numerous communications satellites, earth observation satellites, and, in 2008, Chandrayaan-1, India's first mission to the Moon.
Over the years, ISRO has conducted a variety of operations for both Indian and foreign clients. ISRO's satellite launch capability is mostly provided by indigenous launch vehicles and launch sites. In 2008, ISRO successfully launched its first lunar probe, Chandrayaan-1, while future plans include indigenous development of GSLV, manned space missions, further lunar exploration, mars exploration and interplanetary probes. ISRO has several field installations as assets, and cooperates with the international community as a part of several bilateral and multilateral agreements.
India's economic progress has made its space programme more visible and active as the country aims for greater self-reliance in space technology.[9] Hennock etc. hold that India also connects space exploration to national prestige, further stating: "This year India has launched 11 satellites, including nine from other countries—and it became the first nation to launch 10 satellites on one rocket."[9] Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully put into operation two major satellite systems namely Indian National Satellites (INSAT) for communication services and Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites for management of natural resources; also, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching IRS type of satellites and Geostationary Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for launching INSAT type of satellites. On July 2012, former president, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam said that research by ISRO and DRDO is under way for developing cost reduction technologies for access to space.[10]
Geopolitical and economic considerations during the 1960s and 1970s compelled India to initiate its own launch vehicle programme. During the first phase (1960s–1970s) the country successfully developed a sounding rockets programme, and by the 1980s, research had yielded the Satellite Launch Vehicle-3 and the more advanced Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV), complete with operational supporting infrastructure.[11] ISRO further applied its energies to the advancement of launch vehicle technology resulting in the creation of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) technologies.
ISRO plans to launch a number of new-generation Earth Observation Satellites in the near future. It will also undertake the development of new launch vehicles and spacecraft. ISRO has stated that it will send unmanned missions to Mars and Near-Earth Objects. ISRO has planned 58 missions during 2012–17; 33 satellites missions in next two years and 25 launch vehicles missions thereafter, costing 200 billion (US$3 billion)
Indian Space Research Organisation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
=> India Assembling Launch Vehicle For Mars Orbiter
=> Isro kicks off Mars mission campaign with PSLV assembly - Times Of India
=> India's Space Program Eyes Mars Mission, Test Of Big Rocket
India plans a feverish schedule of satellite launches in the second half of this year, including liftoff of the country's first robotic Mars mission and a crucial test of an indigenous rocket designed to loft large spacecraft to high-altitude orbits and deep space.
If the missions launch successfully and on schedule, 2013 could be a banner year for the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), which has matured at a measured pace over the last few decades, debuting environmental and communications satellites and an unmanned mission to the moon.
India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), respectively tailored for light- and medium-class payloads, give ISRO independent access to space. They are also sometimes sold commercially to foreign operators to loft those nations' satellites. [Indian Rocket Launching 7 Satellites at Once (Photos)]
"This year is going to be one of the most important milestone years for ISRO's program," said M. Chandradathan, director of India's Liquid Propulsion Systems Center, in remarks following a successful launch in early July. "We plan to have five successful launches this year, and two launches have already gone."
India's ambitious year in space
India has never conducted more than three space launches in a single calendar year. But in 2013, including satellites and rockets, India could launch up to 12 space missions before the end of December.
The year began with the launch of seven satellites aboard India's PSLV, including a French-Indian ocean-research craft, a Canadian asteroid detection mission and a tiny CubeSat run by a computer borrowed from a smartphone.
India completed its second launch of the year July 1, lofting the first spacecraft dedicated to the country's satellite navigation system, which seeks to improve GPS positioning coverage over India and neighboring regions.
Three more satellites for the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) are being manufactured and tested for launches next year.
While India's workhorse PSLV has amassed 23 straight successful launches, development of the country's more capable GSLV has hit setback after setback.
India's big rocket: GSLV
Steeper challenges await Indian engineers in the second half of 2013, beginning with the next launch of the country's largest rocket, the GSLV, as soon as Aug. 6.
First developed in the late 1990s to reduce India's reliance on foreign rockets, the GSLV has a troubled track record. In seven launches since 2001, it has delivered its payload to the correct orbit only twice.
India purchased Russian engines to power the third stage on the first five GSLV missions, but India is trying to perfect its own third-stage engine to make the GSLV an all-Indian rocket. The Russian and Indian upper stages burn liquid hydrogen fuel stored at cryogenic temperatures.
The first test flight of the Indian-built upper-stage engine, a configuration known as the GSLV Mk.2, fell short of Earth orbit in April 2010, after the cryogenic engine stopped working moments after it ignited. India launched another GSLV in December 2010 with a Russian upper-stage engine, but the rocket exploded less than a minute after liftoff.
The GSLV has been grounded since then, while officials conducted a comprehensive review of the program and subjected the Indian-built upper stage to extensive testing.
"We are sure that with the adjustments we have made and the meticulous reviews we have gone through, this [GSLV upper stage] should perform precisely and we'll have a very successful GSLV mission," said S. Ramakrishnan, director of India's Vikram Sarabhai Space Center, which oversees rocket developments. "We have a great challenge ahead, but I'm sure that one day GSLV will be operational and as reliable as PSLV."
ISRO is putting the GSAT 14 communications satellite on the GSLV for the rocket's upcoming test flight.
Indian satellites
As workers at ISRO's launch base at Sriharikota Island on India's east coast prepare the GSLV for this next test flight, another team of Indian engineers are fueling two satellites for launch on European Ariane 5 rockets this summer.
The INSAT 3D satellite, scheduled for an Ariane 5 launch July 25, will modernize India's weather satellite system. The next Ariane launch, set for late August, will loft the GSAT 7 communications satellite, intended to serve the Indian Navy.
India has relied on Europe's Ariane rockets to launch its largest satellites since the 1980s, but officials hope successful test flights of the GSLV Mk.2 next month and a larger GSLV Mk.3 rocket next year will bring those satellite launches back to Indian soil.
Two more PSLV launches will round out the year.
India's first Mars orbiter is set for launch in late October, when it will begin a journey to Mars, set to arrive in September 2014.
Reportedly costing $76 million, the robotic mission will mark India's first launch to the Red Planet, primarily serving as a test of technologies and techniques required for deep space probes.
The Mars orbiter's five scientific instruments will study the Martian surface and atmosphere, map mineralogy and attempt to detect the presence and concentrations of methane.
India plans another PSLV mission at the end of 2013, carrying France's Spot 7 Earth-observation satellite, an example of inroads made by ISRO's commercial sales division in marketing Indian rockets for the launch of foreign satellites.
"It's going to be full of activity, and we should be able to do everything correctly," said S.K. Shivakumar, director of ISRO's satellite center, in a speech to Indian engineers. "With support from all of you, we should be able to really deliver the goods in the proper way and keep the country abreast with all these developments."
India's Space Program Eyes Mars Mission, Test Of Big Rocket
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
ISRO has achieved numerous milestones since its establishment. India's first satellite, Aryabhata, was built by ISRO and launched by the Soviet Union in 1975. Rohini, the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3, was launched in 1980. ISRO subsequently developed two other rockets: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for putting satellites into polar orbits and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for placing satellites into geostationary orbits. These rockets have launched numerous communications satellites, earth observation satellites, and, in 2008, Chandrayaan-1, India's first mission to the Moon.
Over the years, ISRO has conducted a variety of operations for both Indian and foreign clients. ISRO's satellite launch capability is mostly provided by indigenous launch vehicles and launch sites. In 2008, ISRO successfully launched its first lunar probe, Chandrayaan-1, while future plans include indigenous development of GSLV, manned space missions, further lunar exploration, mars exploration and interplanetary probes. ISRO has several field installations as assets, and cooperates with the international community as a part of several bilateral and multilateral agreements.
India's economic progress has made its space programme more visible and active as the country aims for greater self-reliance in space technology.[9] Hennock etc. hold that India also connects space exploration to national prestige, further stating: "This year India has launched 11 satellites, including nine from other countries—and it became the first nation to launch 10 satellites on one rocket."[9] Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully put into operation two major satellite systems namely Indian National Satellites (INSAT) for communication services and Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites for management of natural resources; also, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching IRS type of satellites and Geostationary Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for launching INSAT type of satellites. On July 2012, former president, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam said that research by ISRO and DRDO is under way for developing cost reduction technologies for access to space.[10]
Geopolitical and economic considerations during the 1960s and 1970s compelled India to initiate its own launch vehicle programme. During the first phase (1960s–1970s) the country successfully developed a sounding rockets programme, and by the 1980s, research had yielded the Satellite Launch Vehicle-3 and the more advanced Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV), complete with operational supporting infrastructure.[11] ISRO further applied its energies to the advancement of launch vehicle technology resulting in the creation of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) technologies.
ISRO plans to launch a number of new-generation Earth Observation Satellites in the near future. It will also undertake the development of new launch vehicles and spacecraft. ISRO has stated that it will send unmanned missions to Mars and Near-Earth Objects. ISRO has planned 58 missions during 2012–17; 33 satellites missions in next two years and 25 launch vehicles missions thereafter, costing 200 billion (US$3 billion)
Indian Space Research Organisation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Special Achievements of India in Space Missions
With India's Successful completion of 100th Space mission on 9th September 2012, some of the great achievements of ISRO in Indian Space mission require special mention here.
1. The launch of PSLV C-21 on 9th September 2012, is commercial mission and it has recovered the cost of the Rocket.
2. India has successfully launched satellites of other countries 27 times exlcuding the mission of PSLV C-21 on 9th September 2012 which carred two satellites, Spot-6," the latest generation earth imaging remote sensing satellite built by France and Japanese micro-satellite "Proiteres,"
3. Apart from already achieving the status of most reliable satellite career, with the operation of 11 remote sensing/earth observation satellites orbiting in the space, India is a world leader in the remote sensing data market.
4. ISRO had decided to set up a Multi Object Tracking Radar (MOTR) to track space debris. Incidentially, there was a two-minute delay in the rocket's lift off in PSLV C-21 mission to avoid possible space debris impact, which ISRO predicted on monitoring.
Special Achievements of India in Space Missions - Central Government Employees News
Space Competitiveness Index
Futron has released its 2012 Space Competitiveness Index marking the 5th anniversary of the yearly publication. According to the report, the United States remains the overall leader in space competitiveness but is seeing a decline for the 5th year in a row.
The decline is attributed to enhanced capabilities in other countries while the U.S. is undergoing a transition with "significant" uncertainty.
New to the index this year are emerging space nations Argentina, Australia, Iran, South Africa and the Ukraine.
Four distinct tiers have emerged. The first tier has the U.S., Europe, and Russia. The second tier China, Japan, India, and Canada. The third tier South Korea, Israel, and Brazil. And the fourth tier Argentina, Australia, Iran, South Africa and the Ukraine.
Futron says the top two tiers remain dynamic but have shown some stabilization while the bottom two tiers are subject to intense competition, with very small gaps in the competitive rankings.
China gained the most competitiveness basis points in 2012, followed by Europe, India, and Israel.
As has been noted before International collaboration is increasingly taking shape as a concerted space competitiveness strategy, especially among smaller actors.
Here's a list of some of the findings by country:
- Argentina is adapting its satellite manufacturing sector for the international marketplace, exploring both commercial and government-to-government deals. It stands to benefit from increased investment in spacecraft subcomponents.
- After more than a decade of dormancy, Australia is back. The government is refreshing its national space policy segment-by-segment, focusing on space not only a driver of innovation and expertise, but also for its benefits to Australian society.
- Brazil has begun to re-examine its national space priorities, increased funding, expanded its partnerships, and laid plans for a new launch vehicle. It remains to be seen whether these steps will keep Brazil ahead of regional counterparts that are also emerging onto the space scene.
- Canada retains a skilled space workforce, but delays in space policy refresh and implementation are significantly offsetting these competitive advantages.
- China performed a record number of launches in 2012, surpassing the United States for the first time, while increasing investment in technical education programs and civilian research institutes.
- Europe's integrated approach is complemented by the rise of new national space agencies across the continent--from the United Kingdom to the Czech Republic to Estonia--as well as more assertive space export financing.
- India is enhancing its space-related technical education, while gradually progressing toward a completely self-reliant set of next generation launch vehicles.
- Iran has made faster progress than any other newly emergent space nation. The tenor of Iran's space program--civilian or military--will hinge on geopolitics. Other international actors have substantial power to influence the future focus of the Iranian space program.
- Israel, despite funding increases, remains challenged by its lack of domestic industry scale, and has difficulty sustaining a commercial space presence in global markets.
- Japan, despite ongoing benefits from its policy reforms, is losing competitive ground relative to most other actors, and can benefit from a greater focus on commercializing its industrial base.
- Russia's remains the world's launch leader, and promises to retain that role in the near term thanks to its vital role in transporting astronauts and cargo to the International Space Station, as well as the introduction of Soyuz launches from the European spaceport at Kourou. These strengths, however, are offset by weaknesses in retention of human capital talent.
- South Africa is divided, from a budgetary standpoint, between space investments focused on societal usage of external assets already in space and investments focused on building the country's own space industrial base.
- South Korea's two failed launch attempts contributed to an organizational shakeup, but have not reduced its determination to become the newest country to achieve independent spaceflight.
- Ukraine has an enviable space industrial base, but limited domestic demand for its space hardware. It is aggressively seeking partners overseas, but has not yet engaged with key emerging markets.
Futron Releases 2012 Space Competitiveness Index - Commercial Space Watch
India Gains on China in Asia's Space Race
Asia's space race just got a whole lot tighter: India's successful launch on Wednesday of its first moon mission, the unmanned Chandrayaan-I, marked a dramatic step forward in its race with China to put a man on the moon. China had stolen a march in 2003 by becoming only the third nation to fly a man into space (after the U.S. and the old Soviet Union), but when, ten days from now, Chandrayaan-I drops a probe bearing India's flag onto the moon, India will become only the fourth country to plant its colors on the lunar landscape — after the Americans, the Russians, and Japan.
India Gains on China in Asia's Space Race - TIME
India successfully tests world's 3rd largest and Asia's largest solid rocket booster
=> India Assembling Launch Vehicle For Mars Orbiter
=> Isro kicks off Mars mission campaign with PSLV assembly - Times Of India
=> India's Space Program Eyes Mars Mission, Test Of Big Rocket
India plans a feverish schedule of satellite launches in the second half of this year, including liftoff of the country's first robotic Mars mission and a crucial test of an indigenous rocket designed to loft large spacecraft to high-altitude orbits and deep space.
If the missions launch successfully and on schedule, 2013 could be a banner year for the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), which has matured at a measured pace over the last few decades, debuting environmental and communications satellites and an unmanned mission to the moon.
India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), respectively tailored for light- and medium-class payloads, give ISRO independent access to space. They are also sometimes sold commercially to foreign operators to loft those nations' satellites. [Indian Rocket Launching 7 Satellites at Once (Photos)]
"This year is going to be one of the most important milestone years for ISRO's program," said M. Chandradathan, director of India's Liquid Propulsion Systems Center, in remarks following a successful launch in early July. "We plan to have five successful launches this year, and two launches have already gone."
India's ambitious year in space
India has never conducted more than three space launches in a single calendar year. But in 2013, including satellites and rockets, India could launch up to 12 space missions before the end of December.
The year began with the launch of seven satellites aboard India's PSLV, including a French-Indian ocean-research craft, a Canadian asteroid detection mission and a tiny CubeSat run by a computer borrowed from a smartphone.
India completed its second launch of the year July 1, lofting the first spacecraft dedicated to the country's satellite navigation system, which seeks to improve GPS positioning coverage over India and neighboring regions.
Three more satellites for the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) are being manufactured and tested for launches next year.
While India's workhorse PSLV has amassed 23 straight successful launches, development of the country's more capable GSLV has hit setback after setback.
India's big rocket: GSLV
Steeper challenges await Indian engineers in the second half of 2013, beginning with the next launch of the country's largest rocket, the GSLV, as soon as Aug. 6.
First developed in the late 1990s to reduce India's reliance on foreign rockets, the GSLV has a troubled track record. In seven launches since 2001, it has delivered its payload to the correct orbit only twice.
India purchased Russian engines to power the third stage on the first five GSLV missions, but India is trying to perfect its own third-stage engine to make the GSLV an all-Indian rocket. The Russian and Indian upper stages burn liquid hydrogen fuel stored at cryogenic temperatures.
The first test flight of the Indian-built upper-stage engine, a configuration known as the GSLV Mk.2, fell short of Earth orbit in April 2010, after the cryogenic engine stopped working moments after it ignited. India launched another GSLV in December 2010 with a Russian upper-stage engine, but the rocket exploded less than a minute after liftoff.
The GSLV has been grounded since then, while officials conducted a comprehensive review of the program and subjected the Indian-built upper stage to extensive testing.
"We are sure that with the adjustments we have made and the meticulous reviews we have gone through, this [GSLV upper stage] should perform precisely and we'll have a very successful GSLV mission," said S. Ramakrishnan, director of India's Vikram Sarabhai Space Center, which oversees rocket developments. "We have a great challenge ahead, but I'm sure that one day GSLV will be operational and as reliable as PSLV."
ISRO is putting the GSAT 14 communications satellite on the GSLV for the rocket's upcoming test flight.
Indian satellites
As workers at ISRO's launch base at Sriharikota Island on India's east coast prepare the GSLV for this next test flight, another team of Indian engineers are fueling two satellites for launch on European Ariane 5 rockets this summer.
The INSAT 3D satellite, scheduled for an Ariane 5 launch July 25, will modernize India's weather satellite system. The next Ariane launch, set for late August, will loft the GSAT 7 communications satellite, intended to serve the Indian Navy.
India has relied on Europe's Ariane rockets to launch its largest satellites since the 1980s, but officials hope successful test flights of the GSLV Mk.2 next month and a larger GSLV Mk.3 rocket next year will bring those satellite launches back to Indian soil.
Two more PSLV launches will round out the year.
India's first Mars orbiter is set for launch in late October, when it will begin a journey to Mars, set to arrive in September 2014.
Reportedly costing $76 million, the robotic mission will mark India's first launch to the Red Planet, primarily serving as a test of technologies and techniques required for deep space probes.
The Mars orbiter's five scientific instruments will study the Martian surface and atmosphere, map mineralogy and attempt to detect the presence and concentrations of methane.
India plans another PSLV mission at the end of 2013, carrying France's Spot 7 Earth-observation satellite, an example of inroads made by ISRO's commercial sales division in marketing Indian rockets for the launch of foreign satellites.
"It's going to be full of activity, and we should be able to do everything correctly," said S.K. Shivakumar, director of ISRO's satellite center, in a speech to Indian engineers. "With support from all of you, we should be able to really deliver the goods in the proper way and keep the country abreast with all these developments."
India's Space Program Eyes Mars Mission, Test Of Big Rocket
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I did
miya ,time pass bhi to karna ha
Happy independence day to all..
here i would like to welcome opinion of other members of DFI on my finding on the ten biggest achievements of Independence of India
in short i may say, "as part of our freedom, there is no law in India which makes difference among the people based on religion/ race/ language/ state etc, there is no super human like British anymore in India, and now we pay taxes to that Indian government which use it for the purpose to help the people based in India, not for the WW1 and WW2 to help Britain. with providing Equal Rights to all and more opportunities to the weak part of Indian society like Dalits/ Women, at the same time we proud to say that we had many minorities Presidents/ PMs/ Chief Ministers/ Governors/ Chief Justice/ IAS topper/ Bolloywood superstar/ Cricket Team Captain etc, and we proud to say that we got this type of country from our elders who fought for our freedom and we are responsible to give the same type of country to our coming generation too. we just can't compromise our "Independence" for any reason. and we have to defend our Independence from any type of external threat, which we are currently facing in terms of Sectarian War mainly in North East, from the Bangladeshi infiltration..."
=> http://defenceforumindia.com/forum/...-bangladesh-has-turned-assam-explosive-3.html
"We now pay tax to that Indian government which use the tax money to help the people based in India itself, develop infrastructure in India to improve life of the people based in India, while before that we were paying tax to those British to help them in their wars. Mr Gandhi struggled to have Industries in India, who may them provide jobs to Indians and hence pay taxes to Indian government for the purpose to use this tax for the people based in India. and yes we have got that 'freedom', and trying to improve. and we now proud to say that we have made a place where the most deserving people get higher success, regardless in which family they took birth, (of any religion/ race/ language/state etc). and we hope India will become one of the best place to live by using their talent/ knowledge this way"
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Who brought India's freedom?
There are 4 options.
1) Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose for formation of INA which demolished Britain's Indian soldiers loyalty to Britain. Not to forget Britain heavily relied on Indian troops to put down revolts in India.
2) Gandhiji first Indian leader to bring poor villagers to freedom movement, before Gandhiji freedom movement was ran by "Babus" from town.
3) Joint effort of all including Netaji, Gandhiji, Rash behari Bose, Surya Sen, Bhagat Singh for example.
4) Britain themselves voluntarily offered freedom.
My vote goes for Netaji.
Why I am giving few.
Gandhiji himself said Netaji is "Patriot of Patriots.". British Government forbade BBC from broadcasting stories of Indian National Army.
Contemporary British PM Clement Attlee said effects of Bose and INA was most important leading to India's freedom movement.
And please vote.
Indian Freedom Struggle in Short
Netaji always worked in behalf of Mr Gandhi itself, his all the armies had names of Gandhi and others of indian freedom fighters itself, check :ranger:
he was the man who was for the purpose to show that there is a portion of society who may go for armed struggle, even to help Hitler also if it may help india have freedom, while Mr Gandhi even supported participation of indians in British army to negotiate with British rulers for an easy freedom of India, which won't result of unwanted casualities. British government gave an open promise to Mr Gandhi also, that India will get freedom just after WW2, if he support Britain in that war..... Mr Gandhi used to lead "Quit India Movements"/ "Non Corporation"/ Boycott of British products etc., but it was only Mr Jinnah who was for the purpose to resist these Gandhi's efforts. and check, most of the British Indian army people were belonging to Pakistan's areas :ranger:
there was no need to let the unarmed people get killed, if you know that they can't fight with heavily armed military. the only use of population was to put them on strikes, go to jails, boycott british products, "Satyagrah" in millions for "Quit Indian Movements" etc, half of the life of Mr Gandhi passed in jails only, while writing freedom messages for the common people from there
and this is how both, Gandhi and Netaji worked together. one was used to put a gun over British Rulers while the other one, Gandhi used all the 'non-violence' techniques to get the work done in the best possible way :thumb:
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thats also a valid point, accepted worldwide, Mr Gandhi himself had accepted the same on few occasions, and as discussed in the British classes too as below.......... British took over that India whose share in world economy was 18%+, while they left India in 1947 when its share in world economy came down to hardly around 2.0%, leaving only agriculture's share in whole Indian economy by 50%+ that time
Mr Gandhi mainly fought for having home industries, renewal of Indian industries which would help generate taxes for that Indian government which is for the purpose for the people based in India, not for the people based in Britain whose 'democratically elected' government was putting more taxes on the Indian residents to help British military in their wars. nor Mr Gandhi wanted Indian civilians to buy those British products which were for the purpose to provide jobs to the British workers working in UK, not to indian civilians......
the graphs as below itself say the true pictures, how it was worth for just nothing to be in India after winning WW2. and also, support for Gandhi had gone so high that people were just not co-operating with that time British government anymore. British finally left that man, India, who was for no use anymore
=>Share of World Manufacturing Output, 1750 - 1900
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we expect your contribution in this thread too :thumb:
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The Greatest Kings in Indian History
1st, Chandragupta Maury
Chandragupta Maurya (340 BC – 298 BC) was the founder of the Mauryan Empire and the first emperor to unify India into one state. He ruled from 322 BC until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favour of his son Bindusara in 298 BC.[2][3][4]
Chandragupta Maurya is a pivotal figure in the history of India. Prior to his consolidation of power, most of South Asia was ruled by small states, while the Nanda Dynasty dominated the Gangetic Plains.[5] Chandragupta succeeded in conquering and subjugating almost all of the Indian subcontinent by the end of his reign.[nb 1] His empire extended from Bengal and Assam in the east, to Afghanistan and Balochistan, eastern and south-east Iran in the west, to Kashmir in the north, and to the Deccan Plateau in the south. It was the largest empire yet seen in Indian history.[6][7]
After unifying India, Chandragupta and his chief advisor Chanakya passed a series of major economic and political reforms. He established a strong central administration patterned after Chanakya's text on politics, the Arthashastra (English: Economics and Political Science). Mauryan India was characterised by an efficient and highly organised bureaucratic structure with a large civil service. Due to its unified structure, the empire developed a strong economy, with internal and external trade thriving and agriculture flourishing. In both art and architecture, the Mauryan empire constituted a landmark. There was a growth in culture which derived its inspiration from the Achaemenids and the Hellenistic world.[8] Chandragupta's reign was a time of great social and religious reform in India. Buddhism and Jainism became increasingly prominent.
Along with his grandson, Ashoka, Chandragupta Maurya is one of the most celebrated rulers in the history of India. He has played a crucial role in shaping the national identity of modern India, and has been lionised as a model ruler and as a national hero. :
Foundation of the Maurya Empire
Chandragupta Maurya, with the help of Chanakya, defeated the Magadha king and the army of the Chandravanshi clan. Following his victory, the defeated generals of Alexander settled in Gandhara (the Kamboja kingdom), today's Afghanistan. At the time of Alexander's invasion, Chanakya was a teacher in Takshasila. The king of Takshasila and Gandhara, Ambhi (also known as Taxiles), made a peace treaty with Alexander. Chanakya, however, planned to defeat the foreign invasion and sought help from other kings to unite and fight Alexander. Parvateshwara (Porus), a king of Punjab, was the only local king who was able to challenge Alexander at the Battle of the Hydaspes River, but he was defeated. :ranger:
After Alexander's death in 323 BCE, Chandragupta, turned his attention to Northwestern India (modern Pakistan), where he defeated the satrapies (described as "prefects" in classical Western sources) left in place by Alexander (according to Justin), and may have assassinated two of his governors, Nicanor and Philip.[3][12] The satrapies he fought may have included Eudemus, ruler in western Punjab until his departure in 317 BCE; and Peithon, son of Agenor, ruler of the Greek colonies along the Indus until his departure for Babylon in 316 BCE. The Roman historian Justin described how Sandrocottus (Greek version of Chandragupta's name) conquered the northwest:
Chandragupta had defeated the remaining Macedonian satrapies in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent by 317 BCE
Chandragupta extended the borders of his empire towards Seleucid Persia after his conflict with Seleucus c. 305 BCE.
Chanakya then went further east to Magadha, to seek the help of Dhana Nanda, who ruled the vast Nanda Empire which extended from Bihar and Bengal in the east to Punjab and Sindh in the west,[12] but Dhana Nanda refused to help him. After this incident, Chanakya began to persuade his disciple Chandragupta of the need to build an empire that could protect Indian territories from foreign invasion.
By the time he was only about 20 years old, Chandragupta, who had succeeded in defeating the Macedonian satrapies in India and conquering the Nanda Empire, had founded a vast empire that extended from the Bay of Bengal in the east, to the Indus River in the west. In later years he would expand this empire. Chandragupta Maurya (340 BC – 298 BC) was the founder of the Mauryan Empire and the first emperor to unify India into one state. He ruled from 322 BC until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favour of his son Bindusara in 298 BC.[4][5][6]
Successors
Chandragupta Maurya renounced his throne to his son, Bindusara, who became the new Mauryan Emperor. Bindusara's son Ashoka the Great became one of the most influential kings in India's history due to his important role in the history of Buddhism.
Chandragupta Maurya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Mauryan vs Mongols
http://www.armchairgeneral.com/forums/showthread.php?p=1757779
Mauryan because of their hindu/buddhist origins are always neglected in western world. a empire which was about 6million square km in 300BC and was home to 1/3rd of world humanity and whose founder routed the selucid empire and nanda empire at the age of 19-20.
on other hand their stands a gigantic empire(mongol) though it is the largest empire by land mass as measure but the region included in this empire boast of very less population density ,small armies. Apart from china its difficult to say that any other region which it conquered was high on population. Even china population was not very high at that time. Its population on its greatest extent was around 100million mark(out of which majority was from china) in 1300AD.Whereas mauryan empire population is estimated to be around 50-60million in 250BC whereas the total population around the world in 200BC was 150million approx.
and the big fact is that their should be some compensation when you look at a empire of 6 million sqare km in 300BC and a 30million sqare km empire in 1300AD.
so i want to ask everyone that was mongol enough to beat the chandragupta maurya led mauryan forces. considering that mauryans have 10k war elephants and one of largest standing army of world . :ranger:
=> the indian kings specially the hindu/buddhist kings were the best in using their war elephants. king porus with just 100 war elephants get into the skin of macedonians. and the fact that mongol never faced war elephants in any battle. and if you are riding on horse then your horse need training to stand infront of elephant. regular horses are generally afraid of them and horses generally dont face off with elephants.
and about leadership. genghis inherited some army because his father was KHAN of one of the tribe whereas chandragupta maurya started from zero and he can be considered as a teenage warrior whereas genghis was in his late 30s.
i will be very grateful that if the contributors can bring some new facts about mongols which can give them the upper hand or the reverse as well.
=> Wasn't most of India ultimately conquered by the Mughals who were essentially the mongols 3.0? Of course, in the Mughals time the Rajputs and Sultans were as likely to fight each other as they were to stand against the Mughals.
One thing about Genghis though, he did not inherit his army, because when his Father Yesukhei, who was actually just a minor tribal chief was poisoned by the Tatars when he was a small child, his tribe refused to be lead by a boy so young and abandoned him, his mother, and his three siblings and left them to fend for themselves and live in extreme poverty (no wonder why he became so cynical, his childhood was exceptionally brutal, even for the standards of the day and his people.) After many more events that I will not mention, he slowly built up an army and fought for a long time to become the great leader (or Genghis Khan.)
He had to fight hard for his position, he spent his entire youth and childhood in hardship, he didn't get it anywhere near as easy as most great conquerors. So in effect, he did more or less start from zero, and from zero he went to forge an empire that dwarfed that of rome or macedon. He is a fascinating individual who is sadly often overlooked or dismissed as a savage. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khan Here's a link to Wikipedia's article on Temujin.
As for India, in a Vacuum, the Mongol Empire at it's peak should be able to conquer the Mauryans if, and that's a big if, they can get significant amounts of forces into the subcontinent, which is blocked off on nearly all sides by a massive amount of jungles and mountains with very few openings. If there are other factors, the Mongols may just decide to settle upon making the Mauryans into a tributary state after a brief scuffle.
At first the Elephants will be a problem, but history shows that Elephants are a very much surmountable problem. Once the mongol horses have gotten accustomed to the smell and sight of elephants, the primary advantage that War Elephants have over Horse Cavalry will disappear. Also, one problem that Elephants have is that fire-arrows frighten them, and if they take too much pain, they'll begin to panic and quite likely charge through their owner's lines. When a horse gets frightened and panics, it just means that you lose some cavalry, when an Elephant gets frightened and panics, it will wreak havoc.
=> the area of mughals were much smaller than maurya empire. and is their any difference btw
6million square km in 300-250BC
and
4million square km in 1700AD. and the fact mughals were not superpower , they were not the best in their time and nor did they fought with any big empire. at the time of indian conquest their were 100s of small kingdoms.
and the fact that mughals were beaten by first maratha empire and then british empire. which means they did not win any significant battle.
maratha dont beat them completely but they snatched many parts of mughal empire even when aurangzeb was alive. for 28 years they cant beat maratha.
NOTE- maratha was not an inherited empire,it was kind of rebellion and it dented mughals badly even when aurangzeb was alive and with arrival of british in early 1700s it was handed a shameful defeat.
and plz dont go by area alone. their is a thing called ERA.
mughals are too small to be compared with mauryan empire.
it will be an insult to chandragupta maurya and ashoka vardhan maurya if they are compared to mughals.
my question is about mauryan vs mongols.
because a empire in 300-250BC with that much area is comparable to an empire of 30million square km in 1300AD and not to a 4 million square km empire of 1700AD.
=> only in dreams mate. the land which genghis conquered at the time of mauryan empire was no man land. Russia, central asia and even china has so little population in comparison to india subcontinent that mauryan dont feel the need of taking those land.
you cant conquer a land where their is no life.
genghis and even his army will be handed ultimate defeat by mauryans in most circumstances. his army fought with small armies that even a small state kalinga of india has more army than any of mongol foes army.
according to ashoka own edict 1lac soldiers from kalinga side were killed.
NOTE-THESE ARE SOLDIERS and not the masscare of civillians.
mongol empire was made by conquering very small army and empires .
10k war elephants are enough to show genghis and his tribe the door of hell. because its obvious that a man in late 30s cant stand in front of 19 year old warrior of over 7 feet height.
=> lets see the difference which shows how mongol are inferior to mauryan empire. :thumb:
POPULATION-
1-MAURYAN EMPIRE
50-60MILLION in 250BC. Which means percentage of population ranges from 33.33% to 38-39%.
2-MONGOL EMPIRE
100-120MILLION in 1300AD. Which means around 25% of world population.
NOTABLE VICTORIES-
1-MAURYAN EMPIRE
Defeating an army of 2lac infantry , 50000 cavalry , 6000war elephants i am refering to the NANDA empire. and for additional info alexander was almost defeated in defeating an indian king with just 20k infantry , and 100 war elephants.
defeating selucid empire at age of 20(chandragupta maurya). if selucus nicator dont married off his daughter i doubt that mauryan would have snatched persepolis,susa from selucid empire. it is written that chandragupta maurya wanted to conquer alexandria to take the revenge of alexander invansion.
http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad...images/map.jpg
see the map as well. this clearly shows that selucid empire which was defeated try to save their empire by marriage treaty.
2-MONGOL EMPIRE
apart from china the other victories dont even need any mention. winning southern parts of russia, eastern europe and even the central asia was like a cake walk for any of the top empire.
http://www.armchairgeneral.com/forums/showthread.php?p=1757779
=> first the mauryans in the first place will not allow the mongols to stretch their empire that much. if two such empires exist at the same time then their would be a war i am talking of that thing.
at the peak both were huge but i am talking about that if both exist in same time will maurya empire allow mongol to expand.
their is my main point, i know that mongols were good archers but i think maurya empire has even better archers.
the fact is that maurya empire holds more percentage of population than mongols and hence it covered more area in respect to the area's which has more population density, culture and civillization.
now if you talk about north america in BC i will say very late in AD'S north america was completely isolated with very small population with no culture and civilization.
i was looking forward for an answer based on the tactics and comparison btw army of both empire and not like that they cover 30million square km in 1300AD hence it will make a empire with 6million square KM in 250BC its tributary.
this comment lacks the basic sense. my purpose is to figure out positives and negatives like mauryan empire have 10000 war elephants and it is big positive. similarly mongols have good cavalry , points like these make sense.
this is the thing i was talking about that their is sense of ignorance towards the indian empire in the western world.
i believe their was no empire which has produced two greats in such a small period.
first chandragupta maurya and then his grandson ashoka vardhan maurya. i can give excuse that mauryan empire would have conquered the whole europe and middle east if selucid dont marry away his daughter to chandragupta maurya. their are many things which made me feel that mauryans have upper hand over mongol.
1st, Chandragupta Maury
Chandragupta Maurya (340 BC – 298 BC) was the founder of the Mauryan Empire and the first emperor to unify India into one state. He ruled from 322 BC until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favour of his son Bindusara in 298 BC.[2][3][4]
Chandragupta Maurya is a pivotal figure in the history of India. Prior to his consolidation of power, most of South Asia was ruled by small states, while the Nanda Dynasty dominated the Gangetic Plains.[5] Chandragupta succeeded in conquering and subjugating almost all of the Indian subcontinent by the end of his reign.[nb 1] His empire extended from Bengal and Assam in the east, to Afghanistan and Balochistan, eastern and south-east Iran in the west, to Kashmir in the north, and to the Deccan Plateau in the south. It was the largest empire yet seen in Indian history.[6][7]
After unifying India, Chandragupta and his chief advisor Chanakya passed a series of major economic and political reforms. He established a strong central administration patterned after Chanakya's text on politics, the Arthashastra (English: Economics and Political Science). Mauryan India was characterised by an efficient and highly organised bureaucratic structure with a large civil service. Due to its unified structure, the empire developed a strong economy, with internal and external trade thriving and agriculture flourishing. In both art and architecture, the Mauryan empire constituted a landmark. There was a growth in culture which derived its inspiration from the Achaemenids and the Hellenistic world.[8] Chandragupta's reign was a time of great social and religious reform in India. Buddhism and Jainism became increasingly prominent.
Along with his grandson, Ashoka, Chandragupta Maurya is one of the most celebrated rulers in the history of India. He has played a crucial role in shaping the national identity of modern India, and has been lionised as a model ruler and as a national hero. :
Foundation of the Maurya Empire
Chandragupta Maurya, with the help of Chanakya, defeated the Magadha king and the army of the Chandravanshi clan. Following his victory, the defeated generals of Alexander settled in Gandhara (the Kamboja kingdom), today's Afghanistan. At the time of Alexander's invasion, Chanakya was a teacher in Takshasila. The king of Takshasila and Gandhara, Ambhi (also known as Taxiles), made a peace treaty with Alexander. Chanakya, however, planned to defeat the foreign invasion and sought help from other kings to unite and fight Alexander. Parvateshwara (Porus), a king of Punjab, was the only local king who was able to challenge Alexander at the Battle of the Hydaspes River, but he was defeated. :ranger:
After Alexander's death in 323 BCE, Chandragupta, turned his attention to Northwestern India (modern Pakistan), where he defeated the satrapies (described as "prefects" in classical Western sources) left in place by Alexander (according to Justin), and may have assassinated two of his governors, Nicanor and Philip.[3][12] The satrapies he fought may have included Eudemus, ruler in western Punjab until his departure in 317 BCE; and Peithon, son of Agenor, ruler of the Greek colonies along the Indus until his departure for Babylon in 316 BCE. The Roman historian Justin described how Sandrocottus (Greek version of Chandragupta's name) conquered the northwest:
Chandragupta had defeated the remaining Macedonian satrapies in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent by 317 BCE
Chandragupta extended the borders of his empire towards Seleucid Persia after his conflict with Seleucus c. 305 BCE.
Chanakya then went further east to Magadha, to seek the help of Dhana Nanda, who ruled the vast Nanda Empire which extended from Bihar and Bengal in the east to Punjab and Sindh in the west,[12] but Dhana Nanda refused to help him. After this incident, Chanakya began to persuade his disciple Chandragupta of the need to build an empire that could protect Indian territories from foreign invasion.
By the time he was only about 20 years old, Chandragupta, who had succeeded in defeating the Macedonian satrapies in India and conquering the Nanda Empire, had founded a vast empire that extended from the Bay of Bengal in the east, to the Indus River in the west. In later years he would expand this empire. Chandragupta Maurya (340 BC – 298 BC) was the founder of the Mauryan Empire and the first emperor to unify India into one state. He ruled from 322 BC until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favour of his son Bindusara in 298 BC.[4][5][6]
Successors
Chandragupta Maurya renounced his throne to his son, Bindusara, who became the new Mauryan Emperor. Bindusara's son Ashoka the Great became one of the most influential kings in India's history due to his important role in the history of Buddhism.
Chandragupta Maurya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Mauryan vs Mongols
http://www.armchairgeneral.com/forums/showthread.php?p=1757779
Mauryan because of their hindu/buddhist origins are always neglected in western world. a empire which was about 6million square km in 300BC and was home to 1/3rd of world humanity and whose founder routed the selucid empire and nanda empire at the age of 19-20.
on other hand their stands a gigantic empire(mongol) though it is the largest empire by land mass as measure but the region included in this empire boast of very less population density ,small armies. Apart from china its difficult to say that any other region which it conquered was high on population. Even china population was not very high at that time. Its population on its greatest extent was around 100million mark(out of which majority was from china) in 1300AD.Whereas mauryan empire population is estimated to be around 50-60million in 250BC whereas the total population around the world in 200BC was 150million approx.
and the big fact is that their should be some compensation when you look at a empire of 6 million sqare km in 300BC and a 30million sqare km empire in 1300AD.
so i want to ask everyone that was mongol enough to beat the chandragupta maurya led mauryan forces. considering that mauryans have 10k war elephants and one of largest standing army of world . :ranger:
=> the indian kings specially the hindu/buddhist kings were the best in using their war elephants. king porus with just 100 war elephants get into the skin of macedonians. and the fact that mongol never faced war elephants in any battle. and if you are riding on horse then your horse need training to stand infront of elephant. regular horses are generally afraid of them and horses generally dont face off with elephants.
and about leadership. genghis inherited some army because his father was KHAN of one of the tribe whereas chandragupta maurya started from zero and he can be considered as a teenage warrior whereas genghis was in his late 30s.
i will be very grateful that if the contributors can bring some new facts about mongols which can give them the upper hand or the reverse as well.
=> Wasn't most of India ultimately conquered by the Mughals who were essentially the mongols 3.0? Of course, in the Mughals time the Rajputs and Sultans were as likely to fight each other as they were to stand against the Mughals.
One thing about Genghis though, he did not inherit his army, because when his Father Yesukhei, who was actually just a minor tribal chief was poisoned by the Tatars when he was a small child, his tribe refused to be lead by a boy so young and abandoned him, his mother, and his three siblings and left them to fend for themselves and live in extreme poverty (no wonder why he became so cynical, his childhood was exceptionally brutal, even for the standards of the day and his people.) After many more events that I will not mention, he slowly built up an army and fought for a long time to become the great leader (or Genghis Khan.)
He had to fight hard for his position, he spent his entire youth and childhood in hardship, he didn't get it anywhere near as easy as most great conquerors. So in effect, he did more or less start from zero, and from zero he went to forge an empire that dwarfed that of rome or macedon. He is a fascinating individual who is sadly often overlooked or dismissed as a savage. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khan Here's a link to Wikipedia's article on Temujin.
As for India, in a Vacuum, the Mongol Empire at it's peak should be able to conquer the Mauryans if, and that's a big if, they can get significant amounts of forces into the subcontinent, which is blocked off on nearly all sides by a massive amount of jungles and mountains with very few openings. If there are other factors, the Mongols may just decide to settle upon making the Mauryans into a tributary state after a brief scuffle.
At first the Elephants will be a problem, but history shows that Elephants are a very much surmountable problem. Once the mongol horses have gotten accustomed to the smell and sight of elephants, the primary advantage that War Elephants have over Horse Cavalry will disappear. Also, one problem that Elephants have is that fire-arrows frighten them, and if they take too much pain, they'll begin to panic and quite likely charge through their owner's lines. When a horse gets frightened and panics, it just means that you lose some cavalry, when an Elephant gets frightened and panics, it will wreak havoc.
=> the area of mughals were much smaller than maurya empire. and is their any difference btw
6million square km in 300-250BC
and
4million square km in 1700AD. and the fact mughals were not superpower , they were not the best in their time and nor did they fought with any big empire. at the time of indian conquest their were 100s of small kingdoms.
and the fact that mughals were beaten by first maratha empire and then british empire. which means they did not win any significant battle.
maratha dont beat them completely but they snatched many parts of mughal empire even when aurangzeb was alive. for 28 years they cant beat maratha.
NOTE- maratha was not an inherited empire,it was kind of rebellion and it dented mughals badly even when aurangzeb was alive and with arrival of british in early 1700s it was handed a shameful defeat.
and plz dont go by area alone. their is a thing called ERA.
mughals are too small to be compared with mauryan empire.
it will be an insult to chandragupta maurya and ashoka vardhan maurya if they are compared to mughals.
my question is about mauryan vs mongols.
because a empire in 300-250BC with that much area is comparable to an empire of 30million square km in 1300AD and not to a 4 million square km empire of 1700AD.
=> only in dreams mate. the land which genghis conquered at the time of mauryan empire was no man land. Russia, central asia and even china has so little population in comparison to india subcontinent that mauryan dont feel the need of taking those land.
you cant conquer a land where their is no life.
genghis and even his army will be handed ultimate defeat by mauryans in most circumstances. his army fought with small armies that even a small state kalinga of india has more army than any of mongol foes army.
according to ashoka own edict 1lac soldiers from kalinga side were killed.
NOTE-THESE ARE SOLDIERS and not the masscare of civillians.
mongol empire was made by conquering very small army and empires .
10k war elephants are enough to show genghis and his tribe the door of hell. because its obvious that a man in late 30s cant stand in front of 19 year old warrior of over 7 feet height.
=> lets see the difference which shows how mongol are inferior to mauryan empire. :thumb:
POPULATION-
1-MAURYAN EMPIRE
50-60MILLION in 250BC. Which means percentage of population ranges from 33.33% to 38-39%.
2-MONGOL EMPIRE
100-120MILLION in 1300AD. Which means around 25% of world population.
NOTABLE VICTORIES-
1-MAURYAN EMPIRE
Defeating an army of 2lac infantry , 50000 cavalry , 6000war elephants i am refering to the NANDA empire. and for additional info alexander was almost defeated in defeating an indian king with just 20k infantry , and 100 war elephants.
defeating selucid empire at age of 20(chandragupta maurya). if selucus nicator dont married off his daughter i doubt that mauryan would have snatched persepolis,susa from selucid empire. it is written that chandragupta maurya wanted to conquer alexandria to take the revenge of alexander invansion.
http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad...images/map.jpg
see the map as well. this clearly shows that selucid empire which was defeated try to save their empire by marriage treaty.
2-MONGOL EMPIRE
apart from china the other victories dont even need any mention. winning southern parts of russia, eastern europe and even the central asia was like a cake walk for any of the top empire.
http://www.armchairgeneral.com/forums/showthread.php?p=1757779
=> first the mauryans in the first place will not allow the mongols to stretch their empire that much. if two such empires exist at the same time then their would be a war i am talking of that thing.
at the peak both were huge but i am talking about that if both exist in same time will maurya empire allow mongol to expand.
their is my main point, i know that mongols were good archers but i think maurya empire has even better archers.
the fact is that maurya empire holds more percentage of population than mongols and hence it covered more area in respect to the area's which has more population density, culture and civillization.
now if you talk about north america in BC i will say very late in AD'S north america was completely isolated with very small population with no culture and civilization.
i was looking forward for an answer based on the tactics and comparison btw army of both empire and not like that they cover 30million square km in 1300AD hence it will make a empire with 6million square KM in 250BC its tributary.
this comment lacks the basic sense. my purpose is to figure out positives and negatives like mauryan empire have 10000 war elephants and it is big positive. similarly mongols have good cavalry , points like these make sense.
this is the thing i was talking about that their is sense of ignorance towards the indian empire in the western world.
i believe their was no empire which has produced two greats in such a small period.
first chandragupta maurya and then his grandson ashoka vardhan maurya. i can give excuse that mauryan empire would have conquered the whole europe and middle east if selucid dont marry away his daughter to chandragupta maurya. their are many things which made me feel that mauryans have upper hand over mongol.
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