SANITY
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Landmark case: The girl has been frozen at become the first British child to be cryogenically frozen and in the Cryonics Institute in Detroit - she is now in one of these storage tanks
London (CNN)A British teenager who died of cancer has been cryogenically frozen in the United States after winning a court case before her death.
She died on October 17 but details of the caseat London's High Court were not allowed to be made public until now.
The father of a 14-year-old girl who is the first British child to be cryogenically frozen fears she could be woken in '200 years' all alone in America, with no memory and no family.
He told the High Court: 'Even if the treatment is successful and she is brought back to life in, let's say, 200 years, she may not find any relative and she might not remember things.
'She may be left in a desperate situation - given that she is still only 14-years-old - and will be in the United States of America.'
Mr Justice Peter Jackson was called a 'hero' by the child before she died after he agreed to her dying wish so that one day she could 'be cured and woken up'.
The judge also revealed her father was also persuaded in the end and said: 'I respect the decisions she is making. This is the last and only thing she has asked from me.
During the landmark case she wrote an extraordinary letter to a judge while on her death bed.
She is in one of America's two main cryo-facilities - the Cryonics Institute near Detroit - where its founder Robert Ettinger was frozen with two of his wives when he died aged 92.She said: 'I am only 14-years-old and I don't want to die but I know I am going to die.
'I want to live and live longer and I think that in the future they may find a cure for my cancer and wake me up. I want to have this chance. This is my wish.'
'I think being cryo-preserved gives me a chance to be cured and woken up - even in hundreds of years' time. I don't want to be buried underground'.
Around 250 people have spent huge sums cryo-preserving their bodies - the first was Dr James Bedford in 1967 - and it has been a popular theme in movies such as Forever Young starring Mel Gibson.
A device called a 'heart-lung resuscitator' is used to get the blood pumping through the body again, when required, and medication is applied to the body to prevent the cells from deteriorating.
Blood and bodily fluids are drained, then they are replaced with a solution like antifreeze.
But the process is hugely controversial, especially with scientists and doctors, because it has never been possible to successfully revive a human or any mammal frozen in this way.
The girl's body is now suspended in freezing nitrogen at Michigan's Cryonics Institute near Detroit.
Process: Bodies are drained of blood on a table packed with ice(left) and then frozen slowly over several weeks before reaching -196˚ C and being kept in a regulated cylinder (right)
Process: The girl will have been treated within minutes of death - flown to America and then slowly frozen to an ultra-low temperature in the hope, one day, she'll be woken up again
WHAT IS CRYOPRESERVATION?
The deep freezing of a body to - 196C (-321F). Anti-freeze compounds are injected into the corpse to stop cells being damaged. The hope is that medical science will advance enough to bring the patient back to life. Two main US organisations carry out 'cryonics' – Alcor, in Arizona, and Cryonics Institute, Michigan.
HOW IS IT MEANT TO WORK?
The process can only take place once the body is legally dead. Ideally, it begins within two minutes of the heart stopping – and no more than 15. The body must be packed in ice and injected with chemicals to reduce blood clotting. At the cryonics facility, it is cooled to just above OC and the blood is replaced with a solution to preserve organs. The body is injected with another solution to stop ice crystals forming in organs and tissues, then cooled to - 130C. The final step is to place the body into a container which is lowered into a tank of liquid nitrogen at - 196C.
WHAT'S THE CHANCE OF SUCCESS?
Many experts say there is none. Organs such as the heart and kidneys have never been successfully frozen and thawed, so it is even less likely a whole body – and the brain – could be without irreversible damage.
HOW MUCH DOES IT COST?
Charges at the Cryonics Institute, where the girl has been stored, start at around $35,000 (£28,000) to 'members' for whole-body cryopreservation. The girl was charged £37,000, which may include costs such as transportation. Rival group Alcor charges $200,000 (£161,000) for whole-body preservation.
HOW LONG BEFORE PEOPLE CAN BE BROUGHT BACK TO LIFE?
Cryonics organisations claim it could be decades or even centuries. However Medical experts say once cells are damaged during freezing and turned to 'mush' they cannot be converted back to living tissue, any more than you can turn a scrambled egg back into a raw egg.