Military of Finland

[Ray]

We use snow scooters and helicopters, but to maintain surprise and stealth, there is nothing better than snooping down on silent skis.

 

[jouni]

I heard that Indians use western tech in your SUs, we maybe use some same tech like Litening?

 

[tharun]

Finland army had very good winter combat gear.....IA should consider them

 

[Gabriel92]

It seems that Jäämeri was happy to fly on the rafale.

Selfie...

 

[jouni]

The competition for F-18 replacement has started, at least F35, Gripen and T50 are on the shortlist. Hopefully also Rafale...

 

[Gabriel92]

The competition for F-18 replacement has started, at least F35, Gripen and T50 are on the shortlist. Hopefully also Rafale...

I bet the Gripen NG will be the winner.
What's the best for the FAF in your opinion ?

 

[jouni]

I bet the Gripen NG will be the winner.
What's the best for the FAF in your opinion ?

Good question, based on History, I would not be surprised if final choise was made between F35 and Gripen. If F35 gets the price right it will be chosen, if not then Gripen. Against Gripen speaks the fact, that it already lost to F18 back in 1992... Like Mirage2000 and MiG29.

Luckily F18s are still in service until 2030, so no hurry. Good luck to Rafale, hope they also stay in the game.

http://airheadsfly.com/2015/04/06/finnish-hornets-to-be-replaced-by-gripen-or-rafale/

 

[jouni]

NH90 is a piece of junk

Finland struggling to keep NH90s airborne | AIRheads↑FLY

 

[ghost]

@jouni sir,I request you to please make a detailed post about the most elite sf Finland have(if they are world class) in the following threadhttp://defenceforumindia.com/forum/land-forces/56999-worlds-elite-special-forces.html

Please post photos and video of that unit and details, post only the most elite unit "if it is regarded among the best in the world" .

 

[jouni]

WebCite query result

Info about famous Finnish WW2 long range patrol units. Hundreds of km behind enemy lines...

Personnel, which had to be physically and mentally in excellent condition, was mainly composed of young athletes - typically skiers and runners. Good nerves and calmness were necessaries in this job. It is easy to understand why ordinary Soviet and even elite NKVD (Soviet Ministry of the Interior Affairs) troops had difficulties in tracking agile Finnish guerrillas



LONG-RANGE RECONNAISSANCE TROOPS



Kaukopartiojoukot 1939 - 1944

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Winter War 1939 - 1940

There were no specialized long-range reconnaissance and patrol troops in Finland in 1939. The need was although noticed and the first patrols of Intelligence Department of Finnish Supreme HQ (P��majan tiedusteluosasto, PM Tied.Os.) (Commander Lt.Col. Y. P�yh�nen) were formed and trained in secrecy before the Winter War ended.

Four sub-offices of PM Tied.Os. began training troops for long-range scouting and guerrilla warfare during the Winter War. Sub-office at Kajaani formed the three first guerrilla detachments which were called Skiing Guerrillas 1, 2 and 3 (Hiihtosissit 1 (TO1), 2 (TO2) and 3 (TO3). (TO = Tiedusteluosasto [Reconnaissance Detachment])

After the Winter War sub-offices [alatoimisto] became sub-detachments [alaosasto]. Originally known as U2/V, U2/S, U2/K, U2/P they were located at Lahti, Ruokolahti, Kajaani and Rovaniemi. After the war secret activity continued and expanded.
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Special Detachments 1941 - 1943

Troops under the Intelligence Department (Tiedusteluosasto, Tied.) (Commander Col. Y. P�yh�nen, 28.9.42- Col. K. Somerto, 27.6.44- Col. R. Hallamaa) were called "long-range patrol (LRP) [kaukopartio] troops of Supreme HQ" in Finland and they were intended to long-range reconnaissance and guerrilla strikes far behind the enemy lines.

Independent special long-range patrol detachments and their operating areas were:

Osasto Vehni�inen (Os.V) (Capt. H. Vehni�inen)
(Detachment Vehni�inen)
- Karelian Isthmus, (autumn 41 - 11.43) Olonets, (11.43 - 6.44) Southern Viena (Maaselk�)

Osasto Kuismanen (Os.Ku.) (Capt. I. Kuismanen)
(Detachment Kuismanen)
- Olonets, (autumn 41 - 11.43) Southern Viena (Maaselk�)

Osasto Marttina (Os.M) (Capt. P. Marttina)
(Detachment Marttina)
- (Northern) Viena (Maaselk�)

Osasto Paatsalo (Os.P) (Capt. H. Paatsalo)
(Detachment Paatsalo)
- Northern Finland and Lapland

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Personnel, which had to be physically and mentally in excellent condition, was mainly composed of young athletes - typically skiers and runners. Good nerves and calmness were necessaries in this job. It is easy to understand why ordinary Soviet and even elite NKVD (Soviet Ministry of the Interior Affairs) troops had difficulties in tracking agile Finnish guerrillas.

Sent patrols were usually quite small - about the size of a squad and not larger than platoon. Only a few company or even battalion sized patrols were sent during the war and all of these were formed to destroy certain important targets such as supply centres and bridges or cut Murmansk railway. Large patrols were combined of guerrilla, j�ger and engineer troops from several units.

Most long-range patrols had only reconnaissance duties but if needed they were able and had a permission to do smaller or larger scale harm behind the enemy lines. Unlike Soviet Partisans Finnish patrols never had civilian targets and no civils were harmed on purpose. In a few occasions Finnish soldiers met local people and sometimes they had to capture them for the sake of their own security. They were not harmed and some of them even wanted to follow patrolmen to Finland.

Typical guerrilla strikes were surprise attacks against small convoys or staffs, minings of roads and railways as well as tapping and cutting of telephone lines etc. Such attacks or sudden clashes with tracking Soviets meant although that further missions were delayed or patrol had to come back home using its best abilities and fastest speed. Many patrols were about to destroy during these emergency escapes. Thanks to efficient Radio Intelligence patrols usually knew what to expect and could turn they way to less dangerous areas.
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Operation Schiffaren - Finnish "Civilian Guerrillas" to Stalin's Canal

Finnish long-range guerrilla patrol led by Lt. J. H�m�l�inen from Detachment Marttina was transferred to Lake Konj�rvi using two German Heinkel He 115 maritime aircraft early on 23.6.1941. Because Finland was not officially in war with Soviet Union all 16 Finnish soldiers were volunteers in civilian clothes and carried German weapons and explosives. Their mission was to destroy the lockgate of the Stalin's Canal. Operation was organized by German Major Scheller.

Patrol was detected almost immediately after it had arrived and a total of six men were lost in clashes with Soviet troops: two men were killed and four missed including one officer. If the missed guerrillas were caught alive it is obvious that they were executed. On 28.6. the rest of the patrol moved closer to the canal but due to strong guarding could not reach the target. At the same day German bombers although attacked the canal succesfully damaging it. Patrol was now given another target, Murmansk railway, which was succesfully cut. Ten men came eventually back to Finland on 11.7.1941 after being 20 days behind the lines and walking about 375 km!
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Detachment Hartikainen - FAF Long-range Air Surveillance Patrols in 1942

In March 1942 an "Air Surveillance Special Course" started training volunteers for a new Finnish Air Force (FAF) guerrilla detachment called Detachment Hartikainen (Osasto Hartikainen, Os.H) under the command of Capt. M. Hartikainen. The idea was to send long-range air surveillance patrols capable of staying long time close to Soviet airfields in Maaselk� and Rukaj�rvi area and then report all seen activities using radio. On 1.6.1942 the strength of the unit was one officer, 18 NCOs and 27 men.

Five patrols were sent, the first on 11.7.1942 and the others within four weeks. The target airfields were as follows:

- Patrol 1: Kolesma and Sumskiy-Posad
- Patrol 2: Sosnovitsa and Letyaya
- Patrol 3: Sosnovitsa
- Patrol 4: Jendogyda
- Patrol 5: Sekehe

Actually there was not enough room near the airbases and supply was difficult to arrange. Patrols encountered so many difficulties that they were called back, only patrol 2 commanded by S.Sgt A. Vorho stayed 56 days behind the enemy lines. The other four patrols were brought back by plane but 2 / Os.H had to walk back to Finland chased by Soviet troops because their guerrilla radio stopped working. Vorho was later awarded the Mannerheim Cross 2nd Class.

The results were worse than expected and no further patrols were sent. All suitable men were attached to Army long-range guerrilla units and Detachment Hartikainen was suspended in autumn 1942.
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Other Specialized Long-Range Patrol Units

Other named guerrilla [sissi] and j�ger [j��k�ri] units which acted in a similar way to LRP troops of the Finnish Supreme HQ had nothing to do with volunteer LRP Special Detachments. Although certain units operated in a role of the long-range recon troops their missions were usually closer behind the enemy lines and they were under the command of the local army corps, division or regiment level staff. Their main tasks were scouting, patrolling, securing flanks and chasing of Soviet Partisans and other patrol troops. They are handled together with Sissi [guerrilla]Battalions.

There were although three other small not very well known LRP units which operated in a similar way to Special Detachments and later Separate Battalion 4. Unfortunately there are no good sources available on these. These units were under the command of their parent division but operated sometimes for the Finnish Supreme HQ as well. These units were:

Kaukotiedusteluosasto / 3.D Kiestinki - Uhtua
(Long-range Reconnaissance Detachment / 3rd Division)

Kaukopartio / 4.D Maaselk�
(Long-range Patrol / 4th Division)

Kaukopartio / 14.D Rukaj�rvi
(Long-range Patrol / 14th Division)

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Separate Battalion 4 (1943 - 1944)

On 1.7.1943 separate detachments were gathered together into Separate Battalion 4 (Erillinen pataljoona 4, Er.P 4). Battalion was organized as follows:
.

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Erillinen pataljoona 4 (Er.P 4)
(Separate Battalion 4)
Mikkeli (Pursiala), 9. - 11.44 Liminka

Commander
Maj. M. Hartola (6.7.43- temporary)
Maj. H. Vehni�inen (20.7.43- acting)
Lt.Col. J. Sovio (19.9.43 - 30.11.44)
.
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Units
. Commander / Chief
Finnish Name (and Abbreviation), Notes, Location
(Name in English): Rank: Name:

Esikunta (E/Er.P 4)
(Staff)
Komentotoimisto (Command Office)
Huoltotoimisto (Supply Office)
Viestitoimisto (Signals Office)
Huoltojoukkue (Supply Platoon)
.

. .
Radioasema (Rad.As./Er.P 4) (Former 4./PM Rad.P.)
(Radio Station)
Mikkeli (Kirkonvarkaus)
Company-sized unit with four small Radio Platoons
(one subordinated to each LRP company).
. Capt. M. Vihma
1. Komppania (1.K/Er.P 4)
(1st Company)
-26.6.41, 22.9.-1.10.44 Lahti, 26.6.41- Lappee(nranta) (Iiti�),
20.9.41- Viipuri, 10./11.41- Vaaseni, 6.6.43- Uslanka,
11.11.43- Kuhmo, 15.6.44- Rautj�rvi, 28.6.44- Ruokolahti,
1.10.-29.11.44 Liminka
. Maj. H. Vehni�inen
2. Komppania (2.K/Er.P 4) (OsKu)
(2nd Company)
-end 7.41 Joensuu, end 7.41- Lepp�syrj�, end 8.41- Vielj�rvi
(Nakolampi), 9.41- ��nislinna (Petrozavodsk), spring 42- Kossalmi,
6.44- Suoj�rvi (Suvilahti), ?.44- P�lkj�rvi, 9.44- Liminka, ?-11.44 Liperi
. Maj. I. Kuismanen
3. Komppania (3.K/Er.P 4)
(3rd Company)
-6.3.42, ?.9.-11.9.44, 11.44 Kajaani, 6.3.42-9.44 Kuhmo (J�m�s),
11.9.-11.44 Liminka
. Maj. P. Marttina
4. Komppania (4.K/Er.P 4)
(4th Company)
Rovaniemi, 9.44 Ruukki (Paavola)
A command was subordinated to German Kompanie Tromsdorff
(from Rgt Brandenburg) between 22.1. - 9.1942.
. Maj.
Lt.Cmd. H. Paatsalo (later Paarma)
P. Ahola (22.6.44-)
Koulutuskomppania (Koul.K/Er.P 4) [Osasto Honkanen]
(Training Company) [Detachment Honkanen]
Savitaipale, 9.44 Lahti
Formed on 1.7.1944. Suspended in September 1944.
. Capt. I. Honkanen (1.7.-?.9.44)
Lento-osasto / Er.P 4 (Lento-os./Er.P 4) [Osasto Malinen / Jauri]
(Flying Detachment / Separate Battalion 4)
[Detachment Malinen / Jauri]
On 1.7.1943 subordinated operationally to Er.P 4.
Attached to battalion on 23.6.1944 and to Le.R 4 on 8.10.1944.
. Maj. E. Jauri
.
Full strength of the battalion was 678 men and 76 women (Lottas). There were also volunteer Estonians in Er.P 4.Commander of Er.P 4 was considered equal to Regiment Commander and all Company Chiefs of Er.P 4 were considered equal to Battalion Commander.

Military ranks were not so important and were not used behind the enemy lines. In certain cases guerrilla group was led by an experienced NCO although there were also younger officers. Formerly succesful boxer Capt./Maj.(43) Into Kuismanen led many patrols personally.

In 1943 battalion sent over 50 patrols and in 1944 almost 100. The longest duration behind the enemy lines for a single patrol was nearly two months! Losses were minimal thanks to efficient radios, Radio Intelligence and special outfits. Results gained were sometimes very important and gave useful information to Finnish Supreme HQ - especially in the summer 1944.

Er.P 4 partisipated also in Lapland War against Germans and it was disbanded on 30.11.1944. After the war many former soldiers of Er.P 4 partisipated in the so called "Weapon Caches Case" (secret hiding operation of weapons and ammunition for possible guerrilla war in case USSR tries to conquer Finland) and either escaped from Finland voluntarily or were sentenced to prison in Finland.
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Long-range Reconnaissance Company

Long-range Reconnaissance Company (full strength 156 men and 15 women [Lottas] but in reality companies never had enough personnel) was organized as follows:

Komppanianp��llikk� (Company Chief)

Toimisto (Office) (15)
(Deputy Company Chief, 2x Liaison Officer, Adjutant, 4x Interrogator, Supply Officer,
Signals Officer)

I - III Kiv��rijoukkue (I - III Rifle Platoon) [Long-range Reconnaissance Platoon] (+32)
(Platoon Leader, Deputy Platoon Leader, various amount of officers)
----- 2x Kiv��riryhm� (Rifle Squad) (8 men)
----- 2x Kiv��riryhm� (Rifle Squad) (7 men)

Radioasema (Radio Station) (11) subordinated radio platoon of Rad.As./Er.P 4

Huoltojoukkue (Supply Platoon) (33)
----- Talousryhm� (Household Squad)
----- L��kint�ryhm� (Medical Squad)
----- Kuljetusryhm� (Transportation Squad)
----- Toimitusryhm� (Delivery Squad)

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Equipment and Special Outfits

Finnish patrols used many special inventions developed during the war, the most important ones being chemical liquid that confused dogs' sense of smell, special snow (track) mines, smokeless German petrol/gas cooker (since autumn 1943), a small lightweight guerrilla telegraph radio called Kyynel [Tear] and a simple radio receiver called T�p� both developed and produced by Depot Company / Supreme HQ Radio Battalion (Var.K / PM Rad.P) in 1940 - 1941.

German-made Pervitin pep-pills were also used. In many cases these saved the lives of the dead tired men but sometimes they nearly led to the destiny of the drug abuser - death. Pills contained amphetamine which caused serious side effects such as illusions if used for a long time and in the end the result was a total exhaustion.
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Uniforms and Armament

During the war all Finnish long-range patrols wore military uniforms - usually special Finnish uniforms or combination of Finnish and captured Soviet uniforms not to be so clearly recognized if seen far away. Patrols were armed with highly accurate and reliable 9 mm m/31 "Suomi" SMGs but usually at least one man carried ordinary rifle or automatic rifle for long-range fire. Many riflemen, radiomen and patrol leaders had also 7.65 or 9.00 mm pistols as secondary weapons.
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Guerrilla Radios and Message Encrypting

The first Kyynel radios were senders called M4 (1939) and M5 (1940). They were inspired by a German radio which weighted 15 kg. All other contemporary foreign designs weighted a lot more, usually between 10 to 20 kg.

Receiver radio M7 was introduced at the beginning of Continuation War and since August 1941 all patrols were equipped with new improved combination model M5/7 (usually called only M7) which had both sending and receiving radios. Model M10 developed in 1942 was similar to M7 but it was fully stabilized and weighted only 5.6 kg with batteries. In 1943 also Swedish Defence Forces bought 100 M10 radios. In 1940's the ingenious Finnish guerrilla radio was clearly the most advanced one in the world. Further developments were called M10X and M11X.

Photo of Kyynel radio: http://personal.inet.fi/yhdistys/kymenlaakson.ilmakilta/kuvat/kyynel.jpg
(Note: external photo link to Utti Memorial Room page / Kymenlaakson Ilmakilta.)

The latest most effective model M12 weighted 18 kg and was used in radio stations only. Sending frequency of all Kyynel radios was 3.500 - 5.000 kHz and sending power up to 0.5 W depending on the power of batteries. Range was usually 100 to 200 km but in good conditions even 700 km. Unlike claimed Finnish guerrilla radios didn't include any explosive charges for quick destroying of the radio.

All messages patrols sent were usually encrypted using simple but effective method in which all characters were picked in a groups of five from a disposable random table created exclusively for each patrol. Thus a coded message could even look like this: AAAAA AAAAA... and - as averyone can notice - was impossible to solve without a key. Although Soviets probably knew our method a few captured code tables and later code plates were useless with the messages of other patrols. On the other hand Finnish Radio Intelligence had solved many Soviet codes including the so called 2, 3, 4 and even 5 character codes and could warn patrols in possible danger.

Patrols were usually directed using intelligent but odd "messages for companions in arms" after commonly listened radio programs of the Finnish Broadcasting Company. A very simple T�p� radio was developed for listening these messages from the fixed frequency of the Lahti Long-wave Radio Station. For example a message "Mother misses his son Heikki" could be a call to a patrol led by "Heikki" to return or take radio contact immediately. That kind of messaging was very useful to patrols.
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Flying Detachment

During the German invasion in Norway in June 1940 Norwegian pilot Lt. H. Dahl flew this Heinkel He 115A-2 (coded HE-115 in Finland) float plane to Finland. It was modern and perfectly suited for long-range transport duties. It was destroyed during a secret mission far behind the frontline in July 1943. After that two more were loaned from Germany in 1943 but they had German markings until september 1944 when one plane left was changed to Finnish civil register. (Photo: Olli Wikberg)
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Aerial assistance was needed for supply, rescue and fast long-range movements. Between June 1941 and March 1942 Flying Squadron 15 (Lentolaivue 15, LLv.15) (Commander Capt. O. Malinen) was responsible of these duties. Squadron's main bases were Kasinh�nt� at Sortavala and H�yti�inen (Hirviranta) at Kontiolahti north from Joensuu. The first patrol was transported by plane as late as on 1.8.1941.

German planes provided help in aerial transporting of Detachment Paatsalo in Lapland and occasionally also of other detachments. For example German Junkers Ju 88A-4 of KG 26 flown by Feldwebel Peter Wilhelm Stahl supplied Finnish patrols from Nurmoila airfield many times during 1942 and 1943.

Between 28.6. - 23.10.1942 Detachment R�ty (Osasto R�ty) (Commander Capt. J. R�ty) was subordinated directly to Intelligence Detachment of Supreme HQ and was now officially called Flying Detachment of Supreme HQ (P��majan Lento-osasto, PM Lento-Os.). Unit's main base was H�yti�inen (Hirviranta) at Kontiolahti.

Since summer 1943 Detachment Malinen (Osasto Malinen) (Commander Maj. O. Malinen, since 1.7.1943 Capt. E. Jauri) under the command of Flying Regiment 4 (Lentorykmentti 4, Le.R 4) carried out so called guerrilla missions. Before July 1943 practically only one Heinkel He 115A-2 maritime plane was able to execute these missions. Unit's main base was still H�yti�inen (Hirviranta) at Kontiolahti.

Since May 1944 unit was called as Detachment Jauri (Osasto Jauri) (Commander Maj. E. Jauri) and was subordinated directly to the Commander of Er.P 4. Its strength was about 55 men. Unit's main base was initially Rissala near Kuopio, since 8.8.1944 Muuratj�rvi (Muurame) and since 15.10.1944 Pyyk�sj�rvi near Oulu.

Detachment worked in close co-operation with German Kampfgeschwader (KG) 200 and received even planes and technical support from Germany. These borrowed aircraft had German national emblems but they were flown by the Finns. Before September 1944 German Kommando 1. Seekommando (Oberleutnant Queens) worked with Finnish mechanics to keep the planes operational.
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Year
. Unit Name and Abbreviation
(Name in English): Aircraft:
[pcs x model] (Code -> New Code)

1941 Lentolaivue 15 (LLv.15)
(Flying Squadron 15) Heinkel He 115A-2 (HE-115) *
8x Blackburn Ripon II F (RI-121, 129, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 157)
1 -> 0x Junkers W 34 (initially OH-MVF -> JU-122)
1 -> 2x Junkers K 43 (initially OH-MVG -> JU-128, later JU-124, 127)
2x H�ver M.F. 11 (NK-171, 173)
2x Beriev MBR-2bis (VV-181, 182)
.
1942 Osasto R�ty (Os.R�ty)
(Detachment R�ty) Heinkel He 115A-2 (HE-115) *
2x Junkers K 43 (JU-124, 127)
.
1943 Osasto Malinen (Os.Malinen)
(Detachment Malinen) 1x (HE-115) -> 2x Heinkel He 115C-1 (6H+BK, 6H+CK) *
2x Heinkel He 59C-2 (PP+AO, SD+EE) *
Arado Ar 196A-3 (GA+DO) *
Focke-Wulf FW 58 Weihe (NH+OI)
2x Shavrov S2 (AV-186, 187)
.
1944 Osasto Jauri (Os.Jauri)
(Detachment Jauri) 2x Heinkel He 115C-1 (6H+BK -> OH-PMJ, 6H+CK) *
2x Heinkel He 59C-2 (PP+AO, SD+EE) *
2x Arado Ar 196A-3 (A3+AC -> OH-PMK, A3+BC) *
3x Sud-Est Leor� (LeO) H-246.1 (A3+HC, A3+KC, A3+?C) **
Focke-Wulf FW 58 Weihe (NH+OI)
Shavrov S2 (AV-18?)
.
* Aircraft suitable for long-range missions.
** Far too big, heavy and technically unreliable flying boats. Only 2 planes flew a few transport flights in Finland.

Note: After HE-115 was destroyed in July 1943 all planes had German markings except amphibious Shavrov S2s which were liaison planes. In September 1944 one Heinkel He 115, one Arado Ar 196 and Leor�s were handed over back to Germans and other German planes were coded with Finnish civil register markings. Focke-Wulf FW 58 Weihe liaison plane was relieved to Soviet Union.
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[jouni]

WebCite query result

Info about famous Finnish WW2 long range patrol units. Hundreds of km behind enemy lines...

 

[rock127]

Some famous Finnish guns

The video says "Anti-Tank Rifle" but it's "Anti-Apple Rifle" to destroy a poor Apple screen.

 

[Gabriel92]

@jouni

The Gripen NG may be chosen to replace Finnish F/A-18C Hornets

DI: Finland överväger att köpa JAS Gripen-plan | Inrikes | svenska.yle.fi

 

[Gabriel92]

NH90 is a piece of junk

Finland struggling to keep NH90s airborne | AIRheads↑FLY

I don't understand why almost all countries have problems with their NH90s,if i'm not wrong we don't have any problem with them.

 

[Kunal Biswas]

Pimp up Fin AR ..

 

[jouni]

@jouni

The Gripen NG may be chosen to replace Finnish F/A-18C Hornets

DI: Finland överväger att köpa JAS Gripen-plan | Inrikes | svenska.yle.fi

It is too early...marketing men has just woken up...what are Francescplans regarding new gen fighters?

 

[jouni]

Pimp up Fin AR ..

Interesting...we are supposed to replace AR only at 2035

 

[Gabriel92]

It is too early...marketing men has just woken up...what are Francescplans regarding new gen fighters?

We won't developp new gen fighters,only UCAVs. (We will keep upgrading the Rafale til it'll be replaced by an UCAV,so no next gen fighter.)

 

[jouni]

This is a translation of a Finnish poem written by a Finnish Nationalist, Uuno Kailas, born Frans Uno Salonen (29 March 1901 – 22 March 1933). In 1919, he took part in the Aunus expedition (where the Finns fought the Bolsheviks to try and include parts of eastern Karelia within Finland), where his close friend Bruno Schildt, whom he had persuaded to take part, was killed. Kailas' critical reviews and translations were published in Helsingin Sanomat and the literary magazine Nuori Voima. His first collection of poetry was "Tuuli ja Tähkä" in 1922. Kailas served in the army from 1923 until 1925. The ideology of the right-wing movements in Finland is strongly reflected in Kailas's poem "Rajalla" (On the Border). Kailas saw an unresolved antagonism between East and West, seeing Finland as the guardian of Western culture on the Soviet border. In 1929, he was hospitalized due to schizophrenia, and he was also diagnosed with tuberculosis. He died in Nice, France in 1933, and was buried in Helsinki.

Rajalla (On the Border)

Raja railona aukeaa (Like a chasm runs the border)
Edessä Aasia, Itä. (In front, Asia, the East)
Takana Länttä ja Eurooppaa; (Behind, Europe, the West)
varjelen, vartija, sitä. (Like a sentry, I stand guard)

Takana kaunis isänmaa (Behind, the beautiful fatherland)
Kaupungein ja kylin. (With its cities and villages)
Sinua poikas puolustaa (Your sons defend you)
Maani, aarteista ylin. (My country, the greatest treasure)

Öinen, ulvova tuuli tuo (Nocturnal howling winds bring)
Rajan takaa lunta. (Snow from across the border)
— Isäni, äitini, Herra, suo (Lord, let my mother and father)
Nukkua tyyntä unta! (Sleep, calmly dreaming!)

Anna jyviä hinkaloon, (Fill the bins with grain)
Anna karjojen siitä! (Let the herds breed)
Kätes peltoja siunatkoon! (Let thy hand bless the fields)
- Täällä suojelen niitä. (I am here, protecting them)

Synkeä, kylmä on talviyö, (The winter night is dark and cold)
Hyisenä henkii itä. (There is an Icy breath from the East)
Siell' ovat orjuus ja pakkotyö; (Over there is slavery and forced labour)
tähdet katsovat sitä. (The stars look down and see)

Kaukaa aroilta kohoaa (Far away on the Steppe rises)
Iivana Julman haamu. (The ghost of Ivan the Terrible)
Turman henki, se ennustaa: (A spirit of doom is at work, predicting that
verta on näkevä aamu. (the morning shall see blood)

Mut isät harmaat haudoistaan (The gray fathers rise from their graves)
aaveratsuilla ajaa: (Phantom steeds they ride)
karhunkeihäitä kourissaan (Bear spears in their hands)
syöksyvät kohti raja (Rushing to the border)

—Henget taattojen, autuaat, (Blessed spirits of the fathers)
kuulkaa poikanne sana — (Listen to your sons words)
jos sen pettäisin, saapukaat (if I should not keep my word, then come)
koston armeijana —: (as an army of vengeance)

Ei ole polkeva häpäisten (Their tread will not desecrate)
sankarileponne majaa (the resting place of your heroes)
rauta-antura vihollisen, - (From the iron-soled foot of the enemy)
suojelen maani rajaa! (I will protect your borders)

Ei ota vieraat milloinkaan (Strangers will never take)
kallista perintöänne. (your precious heritage)
tulkoot hurttina aroiltaan! (let them come like hounds from the steppes)
Mahtuvat multiin tänne. (they will find a place here under the soil)

Kontion rinnoin voimakkain (With a bears powerful chest)
ryntään peitsiä vasten (I charge against the lances)
naisen rukkia puolustain (defending your women's spinning wheels)
ynnä kehtoa lasten. (and your children's cradles)

Raja railona aukeaa (Like a chasm runs the border)
Edessä Aasia, Itä. (In front, Asia, the East)
Takana Länttä ja Eurooppaa; (Behind, Europe, the West)
varjelen, vartija, sitä. (Like a sentry, I stand guard

 

[jouni]

We won't developp new gen fighters,only UCAVs. (We will keep upgrading the Rafale til it'll be replaced by an UCAV,so no next gen fighter.)

Maybe we should do the same. ������