Is indigenisation just a slogan?

AVERAGE INDIAN

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The coming week will see an important battle in the struggle to transform India from the world's largest arms importer into a country that produces a respectable modicum of the weaponry it needs. The battle will be fought in the Defence Acquisition Council, the apex decision-making body of the ministry of defence, which will decide whether to scupper the development of an indigenous basic trainer aircraft (BTA) by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) by paying Swiss aerospace company Pilatus to build 106 BTAs in India.

The Indian Air Force (IAF), which has always backed import, howsoever expensive, over the painstaking process of development, is squeezing the defence ministry to give Pilatus the contract. HAL, with a record of time and cost overruns, but with a new confidence stemming from the successful Tejas fighter and proven helicopters like the Dhruv, insists it can easily build a BTA. HAL rightly points out that 75 basic trainer aircraft - the PC-7 Mark II - have been contracted from Pilatus as the IAF had wanted, but the defence ministry had also ruled that the remaining 106 - needed to make up the IAF's overall requirement - should be developed and built in India. To this end, HAL has committed close to Rs 200 crore of its own money in designing the Hindustan Turbo Trainer-40 (HTT-40).

In turning its face on this agreement, the IAF has cunningly played the "national security" card, declaring that India's security depends on basic training, to hell with indigenisation. In a paper sent to the defence ministry on November 4, 2013, the IAF had said that it did not trust HAL to develop a trainer. This even though the Bangalore-headquartered company has played a major role in building the Tejas fourth-generation fighter.

For the ministry, the options are clear. On one side is the logic of inducting trainer aircraft quickly to allow enough pilots to be trained. Opposing this is the urgent need for indigenisation, and the economic rationale of obtaining much cheaper maintenance, overhaul and spares all through the 30- to 40-year service life of an indigenous aircraft, compared to expensive overseas vendors. These life-cycle costs add up to four to five times the procurement cost of an aircraft. There is also the growing understanding that building indigenous aircraft will create an aerospace industry ecosystem across the country, providing production volumes, jobs and expertise in high-tech manufacture.

The IAF's fundamental logic is that HAL's record of delays renders it unsuitable to be entrusted with a development programme. Aerospace enthusiasts know that delay is the only certainty while developing aircraft. Every major ongoing fighter project has been marked by years of delay - the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter in the United States, the Eurofighter and the French Rafale that the IAF is buying. When even mature aerospace industries face chronic delays, it is short-sighted to pillory India's underfunded aerospace establishment for having taken three decades to learn what its foreign counterparts have assimilated in a century of government nurturing. The Tejas fighter is a tale of delay only to the thoughtless; in fact, it represents an admirable technological leapfrog.

The second major worry for the defence ministry should be the snake-oil economics that the IAF backs its case with. Arguing that the Pilatus trainer is cheaper than the HTT-40, the IAF (speaking apparently for Pilatus) has quoted Rs 4,520 crore for 106 PC-7 Mark II trainers - or Rs 42.64 crore per aircraft. In reaching this figure, the IAF has strangely omitted the cost of ground equipment (Rs 452 crore); spares (Rs 678 crore); cost of transfer of technology, or ToT (Rs 252 crore); cost of manufacturing infrastructure (Rs 385 crore), simulator (Rs 218 crore); role equipment (Rs 226 crore) and transportation (Rs 63 crore). This takes the bill to Rs 6,925 crore, which comes to over Rs 65 crore per PC-7 Mark II. This is much higher than the HTT-40.

Moreover, the HTT-40 is being designed, developed and built in India, while the PC-7 Mark II is merely being assembled. The IAF proposal states that 10 of the 106 Pilatus trainers would be imported fully built; 28 in semi-knocked down kits; and 68 completely knocked down. The IAF has proposed that one of its maintenance units, 5 Base Repair Depot in Sulur, Tamil Nadu, will assemble these kits into aircraft. Assembly imparts zero aerospace knowhow, and is a mere façade of indigenisation. For this, Pilatus would be paid Rs 2,405 crore. It would be cheaper to just buy the PC-7 Mark II fully built rather than pay so much for a fig leaf.

Finally, in passing this hare-brained proposal, the defence ministry would risk serious trouble with audit and vigilance agencies. The BTA tender was for buying 75 fully built aircraft, not for building them in India under ToT. Vendors who lost out to Pilatus could legitimately contend that they would have won had ToT been part of the tender. Already, Korean Aerospace Industry had contested the award of the contract to Pilatus. Moreover, the Defence Procurement Policy of 2013 explicitly prefers indigenous development to buying from overseas or building in India with ToT. If it chooses to ignore this crucial policy directive, the defence ministry would have proven that indigenisation remains a slogan.

Ajai Shukla: Is indigenisation just a slogan? | Business Standard
 

Hari Sud

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I have had tiff with Ajai Shukla on his blog where I argued that boots on the ground are as important as modernization of military hardware. He took exception to my argument.

I stopped visiting his blog.

Regarding his paper above, this what I have to say.

I want to follow the China example when 1991, they were cut out of all military hardware in the world markets. They sat down and developed a strategy to make everything internally. Technology they did not have,they begged borrowed and mostly stole. In twenty years they are not only self sufficient but exporters of cheap military hardware.

When IAF argues in favour of imports, they have a point we have poorly run public sector military hardware manufacturers. They have no idea of project management and project timelines. They merrily go about with the project because they have monopoly. Government under the garb of indiginization keeps handing them project after project without success ( a few project excepted).

Indiginization should include private sector. They will develop military hardware and find technology which they do not have. It will eliminate most of corruption and ability to peddle influence to sell sub standard hardware on heft commission.

There is another angle. The original methodology of General G S Bewoor's qualitative requirement and specification of military hardware had to be looked over again. General Bewoor's, thirty years back had very poor opinion of the public sector undertakings. He devised qualitative requirements of military hardware in such a way that hardware like his specs. does not exist anywhere. It gave rise to the current rush to import because as General Bewoor's type of specification hardware could not be made in India. May be the imported hardware came close.

Imagine how much pressure military has put on Arjun battle tank. But Indian military insists upon outperforming the best imported then only they would except it. Just to remind them that during WWII, America went thru seven tanks and still got that light skinned Sherman tank, which Germans were able to blow up at fist sight. Finally with experience they produced a Patton Tank, which were blown up in 1965 India/ Pakistan War. Now they have Abraham tank, which has not fought a battle with a competent adversary. The point here is that any development is evolutionary. If the product reaches a acceptable level, it has put in service and then allowed to evolve as experience is developed. The story of INSAS is no different.
 

Kunal Biswas

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There is a hard lesson, That we forget and which is unfortunate, The lesson is of HF-24 and after ..

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Fighers/strike aircraft proposed after Hf-24 Marut

Ground Attack Fighter, GAF-1 to be powered by Rolls Royce-Snecma M45, comparable to F4 Phantom. Turned down my MoD. Subsequent GAF-2 proposal with improvements also turned down.

The HAL design team went back to an improved Hf-24 Marut to minimise design risk. Not cleared.



Advanced Strike Aircraft ASA proposal met IAF's requirement, not cleared for prototyping.



HSS-73/HF-73 Hindustan Supersonic Strike aircraft proposed by MBB and HAL using Rolls Royce RB-199 engine used in Tornado. Dropped due to non clearance of engine.



Air Superiority fighter ASF-300. Engine was supposed to be Indian GTX or from Snecma. Proposal did not meet air staff requirements.

Return to a modernised Marut concept.



Hf-23M53, would have been comparable to Jaguar in payload and range. Not cleared. (The image might be of the earlier marut proposal)

Further improvement to Marut.



Result, HF-25 with a new engine. Also not cleared.

Had even a single one of these proposals approved, the design capabilities would not have been lost.

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@Twinblade s work from MP.net ..

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IAF top brass and Gov corrupt elements are well coordinated, Due to there influence corruption is random in these sectors, For example recent VIP chopper SCAM where Former Air Chief name called upon, What discussion were taken against him and his collaborates in MOD and in parliament ?



When IAF argues in favour of imports, they have a point we have poorly run public sector military hardware manufacturers. They have no idea of project management and project timelines. They merrily go about with the project because they have monopoly. Government under the garb of indiginization keeps handing them project after project without success ( a few project excepted).
====================

X2 ..

The point here is that any development is evolutionary. If the product reaches a acceptable level, it has put in service and then allowed to evolve as experience is developed. The story of INSAS is no different.
 
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