Design and Develop in India

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QS University Rankings (Britain), India's having 3rd highest number of Universities among Top 500 in Asia.

China 112
Japan 89
India 75

South Korea 57
Taiwan 36
Malaysia 26
Pakistan 23
Indonesia 22
Thailand 19
Philippines 8
Hong Kong 7
Vietnam 7
Bangladesh 6
Sri Lanka 4
Singapore 3
Macao 2
Brunei 2

https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2019

Respectable but an area of improvement is definitely there if numbers in future have to justify growth. A small country like Japan with a fraction of our population leads us in numbers.

Thanks Mr. Riaz Haq. In attempts of investing hours in googling sources to have some positive light on Pakistan, you find some ignored but interesting ones.
 

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India second-fastest growing innovator among major Asian countries: Report
Patent activity in India is growing at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.8 per cent in patenting activity over the past five years, second only to China which is growing at a CAGR of 15.5 per cent.
With patent publication nearly doubling in a decade, India is now the second-fastest growing innovator after China among major Asian countries, a new report said on Thursday.
India is fourth among the major Asian countries in terms of overall patent publication volume, and second in terms of growth rate, said the "India Innovation Report" by Philadelphia-headquartered Clarivate Analytics.
Patent activity in India is growing at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.8 per cent in patenting activity over the past five years, second only to China which is growing at a CAGR of 15.5 per cent, among the top Asian countries, the research showed.
"The sustained growth rate of innovation in India, as represented in patents published, is promising," Arvind Pachhapur, Vice President, Clarivate Analytics, said in a statement.
"In the past two years, the most significant growth stems from India's top four technology categories, computing, polymers and plastics, communications, and pharmaceuticals, demonstrating an increase in convergence of technologies with computing and communications at the core of several industries," Pachhapur said.
The analysis is based on patent data from Derwent Innovation, a patent research application that provides access to patent intelligence and scientific literature.
The top patent filing organisations in the country are an equal mix of resident (Indian origin) and non-resident companies.
Some of the noteworthy resident organizations are Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), Cadila Healthcare and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), the report said.
A few of the top non-resident patent filing organisations include Samsung, Huawei, General Electric and Ericsson, it added.
 

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Are Indian Ph.D. Scholars Inferior to their American & Chinese Counterparts?
Are Indian Ph.D. Scholars Inferior to their American & Chinese Counterparts?
Getting a Ph.D. is not a kids play. It demands time, patience, hard work, and determination, overall it is a big challenge. Still and all it is a worthwhile opportunity to receive higher and some extra education, making you more eligible and competitive in the world of jobs.
Due to the changing socio-economic culture, students all over the world are becoming responsive by seeking academic and research opportunities, and consequently finding astonishing success in all the fields ranging from chemistry to economics and to the various science & humanities fields. Essentially, a Ph.D. scholar should himself take the decision of pursuing this degree since it is full of both possibilities as well as failure, no matter where you go. It is a long-term research project and one must be completely motivated to take up and commit to this challenge.
While pondering over the options and comparing the opportunities in different parts of the world one should consider the matter of funding, research demands, and timing, and see how the degrees matches.
If we look at the Indian higher education system, we will see that it has expanded at a phenomenal rate during the last decade and shows no sign of stopping. There is a rapid production in the number of Ph.D. research opportunities due to huge growth in the number of individual universities, producing cutting-edge Science and Engineering projects to unique programmes exploring the country’s own diverse history and culture. Going to the U.S., on the other hand, gives several flexible benefits to prospective students who are looking for a home for their research.
Scholars are hence encouraged to consider each of their pros and cons and think what kind of experience they want as a Ph.D. candidate.
A qualitative look at Ph.D. in India: Highlights and Trends
According to a recent report released by Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), India stands tall on the fourth rank with slightly over 24,000 doctoral graduates being produced on a yearly basis. The USA tops the list with a production of 68,000 doctoral scholars. Among the emerging economies, India is the only country which has been featured in the list at such high ranking making it even more commendable.
Also across various disciplines, Indians are swarming to the top echelons of higher learning, especially in the US. This ‘proliferation’ of Indian-origin academics heading top academic institutions in the US is not a new phenomenon. The list of these supremely talented and accomplished academicians has been growing for a decade. But India does not offer enough to these fertile, imaginative minds to hold them back in their own country. The crème of the talent pool from India go to the US and pursue their PhDs. These academic toppers naturally become successful— in the industry and in academia. On the contrary Indian scholars are inadequately skilled for jobs. IITs, IISc, TIFR, and a few more top institutes have surely impressed the world but a large number of scholars from lesser known universities and colleges are not even employable, let alone their comparison with their counterparts from advanced countries.
Most of the doctorates that are produced are mostly from the field of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. With more and more universities opening for PhDs the number of students applying for research is growing but the quality of research is going down.
It is not the students who are to be blamed for this but the universities and colleges which often lack even required infrastructure and facilities.
A zoology professor of Osmania University, Prof. C Srinivasulu said that a trend of competitive production of research can be seen in Telangana but without a focus on quality. He added that universities work culture should be of international standard and they should stop focusing on the number of Ph.D. scholars. At the same time, special incentives have to be provided to research students to keep them encouraged.
Shashi Deshmukh, an English Professor remarked that most of the research in India is based on digging up of old theories and concentrating on them leading to a lack of innovative idea and research. He said, that to have innovative research there should be stimulation at the beginning-level itself. But this does not happen due to inadequate budgets and scholarships for scholars which affects the ideation stage where they can start thinking on a larger scale. Even students who are having permanent scholarships complain due to delayed stipends and lack of research guidance in universities. Funds are being cut by the UGC and Centre for scholars which will all result in problems in government institutions which means that eventually, only private universities will remain. Also, the student guide ratio is uninviting in many universities, leading to dropouts. He also questioned the facilities and infrastructure here. Scholars are bound to share equipment and infrastructure which lengthens the process of research.
When asked to educational experts they suggest graduates need more innovative research as well as the existing mode of financial support provided to them also needs to undergo a change. They question the demand for quality when students are not getting the facilities required for the same. They have also stressed the importance of exposure to the industry which can provide increased training to research scholars. This report was not based on the study of numbers per head of the population. If it would have been done that way then there would be more changes in countries like India having a larger headcount than many countries.
The stipend received is pretty low when compared to US scholars. Also, the research facilities are not updated and still lack technologies. Research is more theoretical-based with very few new ideas as a result research output is relatively less in terms of publications.
Besides these drawbacks that Indian scholars have to face, here are a few reasons to consider doing your Ph.D. at an Indian university:
  • Assortment – the scope of options for Ph.D. study in India are diverse providing you almost certainly an excellent programme suitable for you.
  • Affordability – Ph.D. fees in India can vary a lot but are surprisingly low.
  • Increasing global recognition – India’s higher education expansion has made way for several of India’s leading universities and institutes to feature in various international university rankings.
  • Youth – Demographically, India’s current population is one of the youngest in the world giving rise to a crisp and vigorous outlook that helps drive innovation and entrepreneurialism. This will make you a right fit as a Ph.D. researcher searching for new ideas and approaches.
Ph.D. in China
China has opened numerous options for its scholars at home itself. They have pumped enormous resources into its graduate education capacity across thousands of universities for the Chinese students. Professors at these universities return after training from the US and Europe in large proportion. And once back, they implement US research practices i.e. they try and teach, publish as well as operate laboratories like they do in the western part of the world. Adding to it is the rapid growth of the Chinese economy which has created a great need for scientific talent. This need makes most Chinese students feel that an investment in a U.S. degree is not worth it and to develop a career in China itself. At the same time, the added value of a U.S. graduate degree has dwindled in relation to a comparable Chinese degree. Obviously, that’s not true for institutes like MIT (the Massachusetts Institute of Technology) or University of California, or various other top institutes of course—those degrees still carry a premium in the job market.
Ph.D. in the US
US universities are well known for their excellent research facilities. Better say they are far ahead in research of most other countries in the world which is proven by the highest number of research papers being published from the US. And this becomes possible because of the motivated researchers there who receive immense support in the form of facilities or funding for research. Also getting a job of one’s choice after Ph.D. is not tough due to the very strong industry-academia linkage. Industries fund a lot of scientific research. For scholars interested in working with industry, good job security is provided by a Ph.D. degree from the US as there are many successful industries in the US. And even if one wishes to return to India the best option is to get in academics where institutes like IITs, NITs or other good colleges offer good opportunities. Consequently getting admitted into a US university to pursue Ph.D. has become a dream for many students. The value employers place on international experience whether it is academics or industry is another great pull for students.
Unlike in China, in India, very little effort has been made to upgrade and change the quality and infrastructure of the facility. In spite of all this, academics of Indian origin have gone through an evolutionary curve of their own. The number of Indian students getting a degree from a foreign university has turned progressively favorable just because of the better facilities there. In the previous generation, they focused on being excellent scholars and teachers, and never did they think that academic leadership would be entrusted to them. Over the past 10 years or so, Indian scholars have realized that they are good at institution building too and are willing to compete for leadership positions.
Indian scholars are not only ahead in technical talent but also have the advantage over immigrants from other nationalities of being fluent in English. English comes quite naturally to Indians, which positions them well for high positions. Whether it is academic or industry leadership position, both call for an amalgam of skills— technical, managerial and administrative, communication, team-work, and patience. Indians have the ability to work with others and fit in well with the global community they live in.
The credit of all this goes to the fact that most of the Indians grow up in a multicultural and multilingual environment, and hence dealing with diversity comes easily. Also coming from modest backgrounds where they learn the virtues of hard work and diligence at an early age helps them to fit in easily. Along with their academic credentials, Indian academicians bring a valuable global and multicultural perspective. This is another quality which makes them very attractive for top US institutions, which are in the quest of both academic excellence and an open leadership mindset.
Conclusion
A Ph.D. can be done anywhere in the world because of no matter what it will always be considered the highest degree level worldwide. Its fame adds credentials to one’s CV making it stand out and also making you the smartest person at the family gathering.
However, whether you pursue your Ph.D. in India or USA or China, is not necessarily the same in these different parts of the world. Besides the obvious differences like the duration, the funding structure, and the requirements for Ph.D. candidates in different parts of the globe, the major factors to consider are infrastructure and future opportunities. Depending on your long-term goals, you can take a call where you want to study.
The USA has come out on top time and time again, is the top graduate destination and the most popular among graduate students all over the world, and it’s not hard to see why. The first major attraction is the wide range of institutions – there are over 1,700 – which offer Ph.D. degrees every year with a wide range of choice and flexibility. It is home to almost 75% of the top 20 institutions in the world. The second reason for the great pull is the quality of these US institutions.
Going to the U.S. for a Ph.D. definitely offers a unique set of benefits. And depending on how you want to commit to Ph.D. and what you hope to achieve with your it, you may decide that going to the U.S. for your Ph.D. is a wise choice or not. But scholars of Indian origin whether they are doing Ph.D. in India or USA are equal in all aspects but one. The only difference lies in the institutions in various parts of the world which makes Indian Ph.D. scholars little behind from their counterparts.
How to Improve the research Scenario in India:
  1. Improve the current system of Filtration of Talent for research and Improvise CSIR NET & GATE exams to include better analytical
  2. Make Researcher an attractive career by increasing fellowships to up to 1,20,000/- per Month and giving better facilities to Researchers in terms of Lab Safety and Infrastructure and tax benefits
  3. Have a fixed 15 Year career ladder for all Ph.D.’s who achieve a set target given by DST & DBT
  4. Reward Ph.D. Students who come up with the best research during their Ph.D. coursework
  5. Encourage Ph.D. Students to convert their Research work into Commercial projects and sell to corporates.
 

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'Change India's international image in science & technology'
ISRO is all set to launch a space technology cell at the IIT, Roorkee
PTI | RoorkeeMarch 18, 2019 12:00 IST

"We need to change the perception of India in front of the world"
An Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) official on Friday underlined the need to change the world's perception of India in the field of science and technology.
"We need to change the perception of India in front of the world. There is huge scope for this in the field of science and technology. We need to develop at least one Indian brand for which the rest of the world looks towards us," said P V Venkitakrishnan, director of the Capacity Building Programme Office, ISRO.
Venkitakrishnan was addressing the inaugural session of the annual technical festival of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Roorkee.
IIT Roorkee Director A K Chaturvedi said an memorandum of understanding was also signed with the ISRO to launch a space technology cell at the institute.
 

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Why so serious?

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TOI exclusive: India working on robots that may patrol borders
Chethan Kumar | TNN | Updated: May 2, 2019, 09:15 IST
TNN
HIGHLIGHTS
  • Scientists, who began work on this first responder robot in December 2018, are confident of having the first prototype by December 2019.
  • BEL has started putting together preliminary requirements for design and implementation of the project and has already conducted training programmes to build competency in AI.
BENGALURU: As part of enhancing India's defence capabilities, scientists have been quietly working on all-terrain

artificial intelligence
(AI)-enabled robots that may eventually patrol the country's

borders
.


Scientists from defence PSU

Bharat Electronics
Limited’s (BEL) Central Research Laboratory (CRL) in Bengaluru, who began work on this first responder

robot
in December 2018, are confident of having the first prototype by December 2019.


BEL CMD Gowthama MV told TOI: “AI will change how some critical operations are conducted by the armed forces, and our robot will even been able to patrol the borders.”


Although Ajay Kumar, secretary, defence production, has said the prototype of this robot, along with a few other AI-enabled products from BEL will be ready this year, there has been no specific requirements from the armed forces sent to BEL so far.


“Like Steve Jobs said, users don’t know what they want until you show it to them. As a company committed to R&D, we want to be able to show capabilities that can become useful for armed forces, this is one such project,” Gowthama said.


He said BEL has started putting together preliminary requirements for design and implementation of the project and has already conducted training programmes to build competency in AI.


Globally, companies like Irobot Corporation, Northrop Grumman Corporation, Mitsubishi, Thales Group, BAE Systems, General Dynamics Corporation, et al, have been working on first responder border patrol robots. Korea has been building completely different kind of robots—some reports describe them as machines inspired by the Avatar movie.


Experts TOI spoke with—security observers, former military commanders and members of think-tanks —say India is likely to take at least a decade, if not more, to have a functional robot that can perform this task.


Unconventional Wars


“Future wars will not be fought on conventional basis...AI-enabled products will aid decision-making. Robots can save lives of soldiers deployed for border surveillance. The Centre is making efforts to ensure that martyr families are provided a compensation of not less than Rs 1 crore. AI-enabled robots can also help in saving precious lives,” Gowthama said.

While a rudimentary robot is in the making with significant development (see image) already done, the next generation of AI will involve lot of design complexities. There are a lot of challenges to overcome, including collection of raw data.


Gowthama said that the biggest challenge will be to have a machine that can self-learn given that there is no availability of raw data. “Raw data needed for such products is massive and we have to figure out a way to gather that. Once that is in place, we can customise algorithms we’ve built to get the robot to perform very specific tasks,” he said.


User-trials By Feb 2020?


BEL is looking at December first week for internal review of the first prototype and February 2020 for user trials. Currently, BEL has about 80 scientists/engineers working in the all the three AI-specific labs—CRLs in Bengaluru and Ghaziabad, and BEL Software Technology Centre (BSTC) in Bengaluru—put together and the PSU hopes to ramp up the number to 100.


The BEL robot will be equipped with sensors and programmed to communicate with control centre besides being able to work in post disaster situations—such as the Easter blasts in Colombo—while also conducting surveillance.


At present, the estimated cost of each of these robots—if and when orders are placed—would be in the range of Rs 70 lakh and Rs 80 lakh per unit for small orders. “The cost can come down if there are large orders,” Gowthama said.
 

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Innovative India

Making rapid strides on the innovation front
How does an ambitious country become an innovation nation? In capitals across the globe, including New Delhi, that is a question preoccupying leaders seeking to promote innovation.
The answer is, of course, for boosting innovation no one size fits all, which is as complex and varied as the world’s national contexts and cultures.
The first step to find a customised answer, however, is understanding the general outlines of a successful innovation ecosystem. That is why the United Nations agency, the World Intellectual Property Organization, has developed the Global Innovation Index (GII) together with top business universities: France’s INSEAD and Cornell University, US. The Confederation of Indian Industry has been a long-standing GII Knowledge Partner.
The GII measures the innovative capacity and outputs of 129 economies, using 80 indicators ranging from standard measurements such as research and development investments and patent and trademark filings, to mobile-phone app creation and high-tech net exports.
This year, India is hosting the launch of the 2019 edition of the GII.
India has consistently worked on developing its intellectual property system to provide an enabling environment for innovation to flourish at all levels, including grassroots and frugal innovation. Its engagement with WIPO reflects its strong commitment to multilateral cooperation in this field.
India is also currently engaged in opening WIPO-supported Technology and Innovation Support Centers (TISCs) in the country, which will help local innovators and creators research and market their products.
A range of government policies and programmes, including the “Make in India”, “Start-up India”, “Innovate India” and “Digital India” initiatives, have fuelled this innovation drive.
In 2016, India created a high-level Task Force on Innovation to improve its innovation system based on the GII metrics. In collaboration with WIPO, the first India Innovation Index — focusing on ranking Indian States — was released in 2018.
Looking overseas, Indian innovators have increasingly turned to WIPO’s International Patent System to lodge international patent applications, with usage up by 27 per cent in 2018.
According to the GII, India is the most innovative country in Central and Southern Asia since 2011 and has consistently outperformed on innovation relative to its GDP per capita for nine years in a row, a record only matched by two other countries.
On the quality of innovation — including the quality of scientific publications, the quality of universities and patent-related filings — India ranks as the 2nd middle-income economy world-wide.
India is consistently among the top in the world in innovation drivers such ICT services exports, graduates in science and engineering, the quality of universities and scientific publications, economy-wide investments and also creative goods exports.
India also features in the GII ranking on the world’s top science and technology clusters, with Bengaluru, Mumbai and New Delhi included among the global top 100 clusters. Overall, India’s rank has improved from 81st in 2015 to 57th in 2018.
Over the years, India has established strong fundamentals and creative innovation policies. The unveiling of the GII 2019 in New Delhi, will help India’s advances in innovation to continue.
The writer is Director General, World Intellectual Property Organization.
 

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Start by making it compulsory and mandatory that each and everything we use comes with a 10 year (minimum) product quality warranty (where possible) - with a penalty if products do not last minium for 10 years. I would stretch it even to 15 years.

Manufactures will automatically make better products - less waste. Sure there is an issue on technology and upgrading - the better will understand this concept and incorporate the 15 years with such. I look at the Boeing 747-400 that we use Air India One and its age. We could have easily bought many within such a period. I would even look at what is necessary to service. I would even look at reducing and recycling waste (rightly) and giving "mandatory" product quality to be at the forefront along with products and services that are absolutely necessary for our needs - to even good for the environment, people and long term. ultimately something like thorium reactor ought to be a development done loudly and with the sustained understanding that will be safe, good and beneficial for decades. we are revving the engine ...
 

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India climbs five places to 52 on Global Innovation Index
Innovation does not come new to India and we are seriously looking at increasing our spends at R&D, Goyal added.

Goyal added that the global launch of GII 2019 is a watershed event in country's history as its taking place for the first time in India.
India is now ranked 52nd on the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2019, a jump of 5 places over last year, and 29 places in the last five years - up from 81 in 2015. The list continues to be topped by Switzerland while Israel finds its place in the top ten for the first time.
India, whose 29-place move up the GII (From 81 in 2015) represents the biggest jump by any major economy, also remains 2nd among middle-income economies in terms of the quality of innovation.
The latest GII ranking also shows that the country has constantly been maintaining its leadership position as the most innovative country in Central and South Asia region every year since 2011.
Thanks to good performance in several critical economic indicators such as productivity growth and exports of services related to information and communication technologies, this year, India also grabbed the 15th spot in global companies’ R&D expenditures.
Like India, economies at all levels of development are promoting innovation investments. To support this quest, and to promote vibrant innovation economies, the GII probes and quantifies the state of national innovation ecosystems - including their strengths and weaknesses - establishing a critical tool for policymakers across the globe.
"Facilitating entrepreneurship through innovation is a critical component under our vision of new India by 2022. India's consistent rise at the global innovation index is a testimony of its people's entrepreneurial prowess, said Commerce and Industry Minister, Piyush Goyal at the launch of the Global Innovation Index 2019 in the capital.

Innovation does not come new to India and we are seriously looking at increasing our spends at R&D, Goyal added. "Right from establishing hundreds of Atal Innovation Labs to Mangalyaan and Chandrayaan, this new approach and engagement adopted by the government has become the new hallmark of India as we move towards a more prosperous country," he said.
Mentioning various initiatives taken by the government to spur growth and innovation in the country, Goyal added that the global launch of GII 2019 is a watershed event in country's history as its taking place for the first time in India. "The exercise duly recognises our innovation potential - our journey so far and the steps that we plan to take to enhance innovation landscape of the country," he said, adding that India will continue to take major strides in innovation and become a "beacon of progress to the world".

Co-published by World intellectual property organisation (WIPO), Cornell University and INSEAD, the global innovation index (GII) is an annual ranking that quantifies the state of national innovation ecosystem across countries. Now in its 12th edition, the GII 2019 ranked 129 economies based on 80 wide ranging indicators. These included aspects ranging from traditional measurements like research and development investments and international patent and trademark applications to newer indicators including mobile-phone app creation and high-tech exports.
WIPO Director General Francis Gurry, while highlighting that India has consistently outperformed on innovation relative to its GDP per capita, said, “India has consistently been ranked among the top countries on innovation parameters such as information and Communication Technology (ICT) Services Exports, (number of) graduates in science and engineering, the quality of universities and scientific publications, economy-wide investments, and creative goods exports.”
In 2016, the DPIIT created a high-level task force on innovation to improve India's innovation system based on the GII metrics, and in 2017, the first consultative exercise was organised to address India specific data gaps in the GII to further improve its innovation performance.
“The rise in the GII by economic powerhouses like China and India have transformed the geography of innovation and this reflects deliberate policy action to promote innovation. India also stands out in the GII ranking of the world's top science and technology clusters, with Bengaluru, Mumbai and New Delhi featuring among global top 100 clusters,” Gurry added.
 

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IIT Madras Team Develops World's First Iron-Ion Battery, Cheaper and Safer than Lithium Ion

A research team from Indian Institute of Technology-Madras or IIT-Madras has officially developed the world's first iron-ion battery. The newly-developed battery promises a low-cost stable alternative to the existing mainstream lithium-ion battery. The iron-ion battery is made using an anode made from low-carbon steel, instead of pure iron, along with a cathode made of vanadium pentoxide, which is suitable for the movement of iron ion, due to its larger gap.

The iron-ion battery is also equipped with an electrolyte made using iron chlorate. Developed by IIT-Madras, the iron-ion battery are much more cost-effective, and features slightly better storage capacity and stability compared to the traditional lithium-ion batteries. According to the IIT-Madras research team's finding, iron-ion batteries are also safer to use than lithium batteries due to the inability of iron to produce dendrites during the charging process and therefore, prevents short-circuiting of the batteries.

The other notable benefit of iron-ion batteries, according to the research team, is its favourable physical and chemical properties. “The redox potential of iron ion is higher than lithium-ion, and the radius of the Fe2+ ion is nearly the same as that of the lithium-ion,” the team claims, adding that these two favourable properties of iron have been overlooked for so many years. And that’s the reason why they don’t have iron ion rechargeable batteries.

Another amazing thing about this made-in India batteries is the power retention after multiple charge cycles. The findings of the research team have shown that iron-ion battery is only capable of 150 cycles of charging and discharging for the time being. At the present stage, the energy density of the battery is also only able to reach around 220 Wh/kilo, which is only around 55-60 per cent of the 350 Wh/kilo of energy density for lithium-ion battery.

https://www.news18.com/news/auto/ii...eaper-and-safer-than-lithium-ion-2286399.html
 

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Delhi: Captain Amol Yadav, a pilot who has built a six seater indigenous experimental aircraft, called on Prime Minister Narendra Modi, today.






Nice find... Do you any further technical info on this project? I would like know more about this. Thanx in advance...
 

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