Simple_Guy
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All the battles forming the British Raj in India were fought inside the target Indian states. You don't hear about attacks by Indians on Calcutta, Bombay, Madras. Why was it so?
There was no 20th century nationalism back then.All the battles forming the British Raj in India were fought inside the target Indian states. You don't hear about attacks by Indians on Calcutta, Bombay, Madras. Why was it so?
What we love is to be deluded idiots and fight amongst ourselves.There was no 20th century nationalism back then.
State mindedness was pervasive in the politico-military setup.
Why have we not taken any action on Pakistan's sinisterism?
Mind you, future generations would be opening similar threads with that question .. except that it would be in past tense then.
I think we're a bit reactive and stagnated as a civilization. We've lost agility (whatever tiny bit of it was there).
We don't scout, we don't critically study foreign ideas, people or forces and we don't change or reform easily.
Just my thoughts.
Regards,
V
Infighting was common in the chivalrous medieval age, in not just India but the Central Asia and elsewhere (places that originated attacks).What we love is to be deluded idiots and fight amongst ourselves.
Majority of Indian Kingdoms didn't keep standing armies and dedicated cavalry units till the passing of Gupta Age and even immediately after that.I was looking for military causes. The western writers seem to think a lack of staff officers in Indian armies was a drawback.
From Comte de Modave in 1776: "The army of an Indian prince does not form a regular whole as among us. The different bodies which compose them have no connection with one another. No staff officer, particular, or general is seen among them."
Is this really true?Majority of Indian Kingdoms didn't keep standing armies and dedicated cavalry units till the passing of Gupta Age and even immediately after that.
Increasing feudalism and clan states meant that the default setup of military power was a de-centralized one.
That helps in resisting an already occured invasion, but not in avoiding one in the first place.
All this was in Ancient India.Armies were meant only to defend, rarely to expand and enhance one's Kingdom. Even battles were fought according to certain conventions ( rules of engagement), prisoners were never ill treated, ladies, children & the elderly accorded amnesty. Aberrations did exist but were reviled & looked down upon.
Good observation !All this was in Ancient India.
After the Islamic invasions the "aberrations" were the norm. Rajputs, Marathas, Sikhs, Mughals, Afghans, Jats, were all masters of raiding with their swarms of cavalry. And these raids extended to hundreds of kilometers from their bases.
So if Indian armies could invade and ravage each others kingdoms....why not against the British?
The very fact that it took a century, negates most of the points you listed.Within a century the juggernaut from a small scale trading enterprise had become an Empire.
India was not a monolithic Nation before the advent of the British. Nearly 562 small & large kingdoms dotted its landscape, mughal dominance in many parts had broken the will of the people, arrival of the British in some ways was a welcome distraction from the yoke of the Mughals / Muslim rulers.The very fact that it took a century, negates most of the points you listed.
Hardiness of Indian warriors was far superior, most of them had adopted European style armies, and European officers. And all the battles the two sides fought were pretty tough.
The reason for not taking offensive actions against British territory, despite all the hordes of cavalry, is baffling.
I was talking about standing armies and more specifically standing cavalries.Is this really true?
I read that the Rashtrakuta Empire and Pratihara Empire had huge armies in the 9th and 10th century.
Even the Arab travelers were impressed by the military might of both Indian Dynasties.
I would even say that the Pratihara Empire and Rashtrakuta Empire were more powerful than
the Gupta Empire.
Technology also has a role to play (though it is not the sufficient criteria to absolve native Kingdoms).All this was in Ancient India.
After the Islamic invasions the "aberrations" were the norm. Rajputs, Marathas, Sikhs, Mughals, Afghans, Jats, were all masters of raiding with their swarms of cavalry. And these raids extended to hundreds of kilometers from their bases.
So if Indian armies could invade and ravage each others kingdoms....why not against the British?
India didn't have a clean transition from Mughals to British. There were Marathas in the interim.India was not a monolithic Nation before the advent of the British. Nearly 562 small & large kingdoms dotted its landscape, mughal dominance in many parts had broken the will of the people, arrival of the British in some ways was a welcome distraction from the yoke of the Mughals / Muslim rulers.
The transition was clean in east India.....after defeat of Mughal Nawab of Bengal. After defeating Tipu sultan the British became dominant in the south.India didn't have a clean transition from Mughals to British.
The Sikh wars and the First Afghan War are well known from the many histories and biographies that bear on them. These two Mahratta campaigns, however, are little known, yet many of the most famous battle honours of the surviving Company's regiments, as well as those of the British Line, are derived from them.
The enemy who fought against us were principally the Mahratta chiefs, who controlled immense bands of mercenary horse and foot, largely trained and officered by Frenchmen, and comprising every lawless man in the country-side, with Persians, Arabs, Afghans, and even negroes.
The destruction of Baillie's East India Company force by an army under the command of Tipu Sultan — who was later to be defeated himself by Arthur Wellesley, the future Duke of Wellington of Waterloo fame — led to widespread fears in Britain that its Indian colonies were lost, with the imprisoned Baillie a convenient scapegoat.
Author Alan Tritton, himself a descendant of the Baillie family, is not so convinced of his ancestor's guilt and in his book When The Tiger Fought The Thistle, asks whether Baillie deserves to be remembered as a Scottish military hero rather than as a failure.
Without the Scots there would not have been much of a British Empire, which, in any case, mainly came about as the result of the Union between England and Scotland in 1707. The civil and military staff of the Honourable East India Company were mainly Scottish like William Baillie.
What really happened in this short but disastrous campaign, for which Colonel William Baillie seems to have been blamed, has been revealed by my researches at the Highland Archive Office in Inverness and the Scottish National Archive Office in Edinburgh and the India Office Library in the British Library — none of this material has hitherto been researched.
It proves conclusively from all the officers' diaries, reports, memoranda etc — in other words all those who were engaged in the campaign — that Sir Hector Munro of Novar was almost entirely to blame for the disaster that befell Colonel William Baillie and his Brigade Column. The result was that the wounded Colonel Baillie was forced to surrender, forced to watch his fellow officers being decapitated in front of him and then forced to march for several weeks from Pollilur to Seringapatam — some of the time in fetters — being spat at by the inhabitants of the villages and towns through which he was marched.
In the Seringapatam dungeons, for most of the time he was placed in irons and manacled to the wall. He became ill and being denied medical help by Haidar Ali died in November 1782 as far away as is possible from his beloved Dunain, its woodlands and his fishing on the River Ness — it was indeed a tragedy.