Russia defence & technology updates

Bahamut

Senior Member
Joined
Oct 31, 2015
Messages
2,740
Likes
2,258
Russian and American Scientists Create 'Smart Material'
© Photo: NUST MISIS
TECH
12:42 10.02.2017(updated 12:55 10.02.2017) Get short URL
11117162
An international group of scientists consisting of Russian and American experts has presented the first one-dimensional semiconducting material in the world.



© AFP 2017/ JIJI PRESS
Feds Killed Massive Study That Could Link Nuclear Reactors and Cancer Risks
This material is based on the chemical compound Ta2Pd3Se8 (tantalum-palladium-selenium) and another compound called Ta2Pt3Se8 (tantalum-platinum-selenium) obtained from a Ta-Pd(Pt)-Se crystal using a micro-mechanical cleavage technique. The above-mentioned crystal was first synthesized over 30 years ago.


Experts from the National University of Science and Technology MISIS (NUST MISIS) working under the supervision of Pavel Sorokin, DSc (Physics and Mathematics), implemented the theoretical aspects of this research project. Their US colleagues working at Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, under the supervision of Professor Jiang Wei, completed the experimental part.

Pavel Sorokin, Head of the Theoretical Materials Science of Nano-Structures Infrastructure at the Inorganic Nano-Materials Laboratory at NUST MISIS, DSc (Physics and Mathematics), is interviewed by a RIA Novosti correspondent and discusses the future influence of this "smart material" on human life.

Mr. Sorokin,the theoretical aspect of this research project, completed under your supervision, is linked with another technological leap. What is its essence? How will semiconductors of the future differ from their current versions?

Pavel Sorokin: Indeed, our two research teams working on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean have managed to take a joint step toward more compact and more rapid electronics. Theoretically speaking, it will become possible to reduce electronic circuits down to nano-sizes using this new material; at the same time, devices utilizing these circuits will operate more quickly.

These systems will consume less power, and their structure and design will also change. But, first of all, the range of their functions will expand.

You see, any device's speed and other parameters are directly proportional to the quality of current-conducting materials in the device. We have managed to disengage compact nano-wires from the new connection, and this gives us reason to hope that it will be possible to use them in new electronic nano-devices, whose very creation will be linked with the future of this entire technology.




© FLICKR/ BILL SMITH
Quantum Stealth: Russian Scientists Developing Best Ever Invisibility Cloak
Our everyday infrastructure on streets, at supermarkets and outpatient clinics would become much smarter and smaller if it were to switch to the nano-electronic level. Light-switch relays, photo-diodes, automatic sensors and other digital devices would operate more rapidly and effectively.


What sectors of the electronics industry will change drastically with the advent of the new nano-sized "construction material?"

Pavel Sorokin: This material will be mostly used in opto-electronics and microelectronics. Smaller materials often make it possible to achieve extraordinary electronic, optical, mechanical, chemical and biological properties using quantum confinement and surface effects.

Our work has impressive practical significance because this one-dimensional nano-structure that we have obtained can boast of a very small diameter. At the same time, objects with this diameter are obtained using a method that we can carefully control. Our approach differs completely from previous methods, which were focused on cutting graphene and di-chalcogens into separate ribbons. And this is the considerable advantage of the materials that we've discovered.

The crystal consists of interlinked nano-structures and nano-ribbons; at the same time, all nano-ribbons have a uniform width. Therefore we will always obtain ribbons with one and the same width, while streamlining the crystal-stripping process. It is becoming possible to continually produce these results.

I cannot help asking: What compels a scientist to make a discovery? Does a discovery suddenly come to him, or does this happen as a result of his thinking long and hard about something followed by research by trial and error?

Pavel Sorokin: It all began in 2010 during my post-doctoral studies at Rice University in Texas. I worked with a team headed by the outstanding expert Professor Boris Jacobson who relocated to the United States from Russia long ago. He always taught us to look at things from different angles, to seek out new aspects in areas that are supposedly already well-studied.

I believe that I received an excellent education under his guidance, lifting me to a level above the already exceptional training I received in Russia while studying with the brilliant scientist, Leonid Chernozatonsky. While at Rice University I got acquainted with Jiang Wei, a young but extremely talented and active post-doc. Three years later when I was back in Moscow I received a letter from him proposing that we work together. Our cooperation began with a joint article published in the Nature Physics journal.




© AP PHOTO/ SAURABH DAS
New Delhi Slams Pakistan's Claim That India is Building a 'Secret Nuclear City'
Acting on behalf of his university's team of researchers, Jiang Wei soon suggested that we study the properties of some "suspicious" crystal. We simulated its structure using mathematical methods and found out that it could prove extremely promising for obtaining quasi-ID semiconductors.


Although discovered in the 1980s, this complicated tantalum-palladium (platinum)-selenium compound (Ta-Pd-(Pt)-Se) was nevertheless not studied in great detail. The crystal consists of weakly linked ribbons, whose structure is similar to di-chalcogenide ribbons of transition metals.

Scientists have been interested in the two-dimensional compound of di-chalcogenide of transition metals for a long time, and with good reason because di-chalcogenides of transition metals, including molybdenum disulfide or tungsten disulfide, boast semiconducting properties. This makes it possible to consider them as materials capable of becoming the basic element of semiconducting electronics in the post-silicon era.

This compound's structure resembles a "sandwich" with three atomic layers: chalcogen, such as selenium or sulfur, followed by a layer of transition metals' atoms, such as tungsten or molybdenum, and by chalcogen once again.

So we have obtained a two-dimensional layer of the di-chalcogenide of transition metals with semiconducting properties. But we think there is still progress to be made and we continue trying to make it one-dimensional. Our goal is to reduce its thickness and width and to create the smallest possible semiconducting element using the two-dimensional layer as our foundation.

And that's when we started facing problems. It proved impossible to effectively cut up the layer into thin nano-wires and to obtain a one-dimensional structure from a three-atom layer substance. That "sandwich" crumbled apart time and again, and the parameters of cut-up ribbons did not suit us.

Somewhere in 2004, the academic community first focused on graphene as the main candidate for a 21st century semiconductor. How did you come to the idea that perhaps you should start looking at other materials?

Pavel Sorokin: We simply realized that the formula of this "stubborn" substance was quite similar to the structure of di-chalcogenides of transition metals and it dawned on us that this is exactly the nano-ribbon we were looking for. And now all that remains is to break up the initial crystal into its components.

My colleague Jiang Wei accomplished this. To put it in simple terms, he basically pasted a piece of scotch tape to the crystal, pulled it away and obtained the required nano-structure. This method was at one time also used to obtain graphene. Despite its simplicity, it is quite effective and makes it possible to obtain high-quality nano-structures.

That was how Jiang Wei made the first wires measuring about one nanometer thick. He virtually reached the level of that ribbon. After that, our US colleagues made the first transistor from that material. At the same time, people in Moscow studied the electronic and structural properties of separate ribbons and nano-wires (several interlinked ribbons).

Our work is far from over. So far, we have obtained several interlinked nano-ribbons. In any event, we hope that our research project will pave the way toward discovering new nano-structures because the tantalum-palladium-selenium compound is just one member of a big family of these promising materials.
 

Bahamut

Senior Member
Joined
Oct 31, 2015
Messages
2,740
Likes
2,258

Russian, European Scientists Pave Way for Making Next Generation Antibiotics
© Photo: Mattosaurus
TECH
17:10 19.05.2017Get short URL
238941
A team of dedicated Russian and European researchers made a significant breakthrough in deciphering the bacterial two-component regulatory system, paving the way for creating more efficient antimicrobial treatments.



© PHOTO: PIXABAY
Danes Study Extinct Diseases to Fight Off Future Epidemics
The researchers were able to obtain greater insight into the works of the so called ‘two-component regulatory system’ employed by bacteria to sense and respond to changes in environmental conditions, according to an article published by the Science magazine.


"In our work we’ve learned how signals from the outside environment can be transmitted hundreds of angstroms inside bacteria and archaea, as well as fungi and plants. When we manage to fully understand this transmission mechanism, we’ll become able to manipulate such cells, and to weaken or neutralize the adverse effects of pathogenic microorganisms," Ivan Gushchin from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology said.


© PHOTO: MOSCOW INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY
Valentin Borshchevskiy, Ivan Gushchin and Pavel Buslaev - research team members from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Gushchin and his colleagues managed to achieve their breakthrough by obtaining an X-ray image of the NarQ protein which is contained in E. coli cell membranes and acts as a sensor for nitrates and nitrites.

In order to study the NarQ structure, researchers subjected the protein to a point mutation, making it unable to capture nitrous and nitric acid compounds, but without altering the protein’s structure. This manipulation granted scientists deeper insight into the nature of NarQ by comparing images of a frozen mutated molecule with an image of a NarQ protein which captured a NO2 or NO3 ion.

Learning how different parts of NarQ operate during the signal transmission may help scientists ‘fool’ harmful microorganisms into 'thinking' that they’re residing in extremely adverse conditions. While such treatment won’t actually kill the bacteria, it may help render them dormant without harming the host body or evolving into some kind of 'super bacteria'.
 

Bahamut

Senior Member
Joined
Oct 31, 2015
Messages
2,740
Likes
2,258
MSU chemists work on biosensors for diagnostic wearables

19 May '17
Chemists at the Moscow Lomonosov State University (MSU) have come up with a range of biosensors based on what’s known as Prussian Blue (PB).

Elena Karpova, one of the key developers and a postgraduate at the university’s Department of Chemistry, said that “the new biosensors could be used in an array of wearable devices, which are getting so popular these days, for noninvasive monitoring of glucose and lactic acid.”

The results of the research have been recently published in English in Journal of the Electrochemical Society.

According to Ms. Karpova, it’s the first generation of PB-based biosensors stabilized with nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF); labile lactate oxidase was also used in the process. The project is said to demonstrate twice the operational stability of PB-NiHCF bilayer based biosensors and labile lactate oxidase compared to non-modified Prussian Blue based biosensors.
 

Bahamut

Senior Member
Joined
Oct 31, 2015
Messages
2,740
Likes
2,258
New material with wide applications developed in Russia

22 May '17
Physicists at the Moscow Lomonosov State University (MSU) and the Kant Baltic Federal University, based in Russia’s westernmost enclave of Kaliningrad, have developed a new multiferroic, a ferromagnetic material whose magnetic field is permanent and always polarized electrically, Indicator.ru reported. The research will be described in an article to soon be published in English in IEEE Transaction on Magnetics.

“We have developed and studied a new functional composite material with manifest multiferroic properties, based on polymer matrix with ferromagnetic and ferroelectric microparticles added,” said Dr. Nikolai Perov of MSU’s solid-state physics department.

“The materials we have come up with belong to multiferroics with a potentially broad range of applications. Unlike multiferroics we already knew of, these are very easy to produce; a sample of any shape and size can be made. The materials are supple and resistant to aggressive environments. As we develop the effort towards its economic applicability, similar materials with even better properties will be looked for,” Dr. Perov added.
 

Bahamut

Senior Member
Joined
Oct 31, 2015
Messages
2,740
Likes
2,258
"Ruselectronics" to start production of new artillery reconnaissance system
"Penicillin" is able to pinpoint the location of enemy artillery less than five seconds after firing




The holding company "Ruselectronics" has announced that the advanced artillery reconnaissance system 'Penicillin' would go into production in less than two years' time, with state trials expected to wrap up soon. The new system is able to pinpoint the location of enemy artillery less than five seconds after firing.

In a press release "Ruselectronics" confirmed that mass production of the new artillery reconnaissance system would begin in early 2019. The St. Petersburg-based Vector Research Institute, part of the company, is tasked with developing the system.

"Penicillin" can detect the firing positions of enemy artillery, mortars, MLRS (multiple launch rocket systems), anti-aircraft and tactical missiles, and adjust artillery fire.

During this "Penicillin" works at safe distances away from the enemy, and can operate in automatic mode, without a human operator. This allows for precise artillery reconnaissance without risking the lives of army personnel.

The mobile system is mounted aboard a Kamaz-6350 chassis. It operates in a combat radius up to 25 km wide. The system consists of the 1B75 electro-optical module, which works in the infrared and visible spectrum using imagining cameras placed on a telescopic boom, and several ground-installed 1B76 sound and seismic receivers. 'Penicillin' works at any time day or night.
 

gadeshi

Senior Member
Joined
Jun 19, 2013
Messages
9,223
Likes
6,634
Russian tank team gets ready for Tank Biathlon 2017:

More military videos from Zvezda TV Channel:
 

gadeshi

Senior Member
Joined
Jun 19, 2013
Messages
9,223
Likes
6,634
Last edited:

gadeshi

Senior Member
Joined
Jun 19, 2013
Messages
9,223
Likes
6,634
New multi-functional sharp-shooting center has been opened in Patriot Military Park in Alabino (Moscow):
 

Latest Replies

Global Defence

New threads

Articles

Top