bhramos
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Russia defence & technology updates
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gadeshi
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BTR-MDM, BTR-MD was rejected 7 years ago.
Bahamut
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Scientists unlock secret to boosting lithium-ion batteries’ efficiency and durability
Science & Space
April 13, 14:14UTC+3
An international research team discovered how a crystal structure of a cathode of a lithium-ion rechargeable battery can be changed in order to ramp up its efficiency and longevity
Share
4
© Matt Cardy/Getty Images
MOSCOW, April 13. /TASS/ An international research team, among them scientists from Skoltech, discovered how a crystal structure of a cathode of a lithium-ion rechargeable battery can be changed in order to ramp up its efficiency and longevity, without jeopardizing its safety, Skoltech’s press office said. The researchers’ study has recently been published in the journal Nature Materials, with its results being of crucial significance for modern electronics which makes use of lithium-ion cells.
"In our work, we have shown how one should use lithium-ion batteries’ capacity to the fullest, without fear of explosions, fires or the degradation of the materials," said Professor Artem Abakumov from the Skoltech Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage, a coauthor of the study."
Lithium-ion batteries’ key features
READ ALSO
Scientists streamline data transmission through self-assembling wireless network
Lithium-ion batteries are the primary energy source in modern portable electronics and can be found in the majority of mobile phones, cameras, and laptops. In such cells, lithium ions serve as charge carriers: when the battery charges, the lithium ions leave a crystal lattice of a cathode, the negative electrode of a battery, and vice versa: when the battery discharges, the lithium ions enter the cathode again. In modern lithium-ion batteries, the cathode’s typical material is a layered mixed oxide of cobalt and lithium.
Lithium-ion batteries are traditionally characterized by two key features: their potential quantity of recharge cycles and their capacity (i.e., a number of lithium ions that leave the battery’s crystal lattice while discharging and return while charging). Typically, no more than 60% of a battery’s lithium ions leave a cathode structure, otherwise, the likelihood of negative consequences such as fires and explosions increases. This can be rationalized by the fact that after lithium ions have left the cathode, oxygen atoms of the mixed oxide could interact with the solvent surrounding the cathode, with the reaction being accompanied by a surge in heat release.
Zoom In
Crystal structure of layered cathode material LiCoO2. Lithium is denoted with orange color, oxygen - with blue, a transition metal with green
© Skoltech press office
The potential quantity of recharge cycles is also typically limited by the battery’s structure: when a lithium ion leaves its position in the cathode, the vacancy is readily occupied by cobalt atoms which can migrate. As a result, the lithium ion cannot return to its initial position and the battery capacity drops over time.
New structure of lithium-ion batteries
In their novel approach, researchers have put forward a way of solving these problems. The classical cathode of a lithium-ion battery has a layered structure where the layers of lithium are interleaved with the layers of oxygen and a transition metal (it might be cobalt or any other metal) (Fig.1). Such a structure is favorable for the transition metal ions’ migration. To overcome it, the scientists have come up with a principally new structure of a cathode material.
Zoom In
Crystal structure of framework cathode material β-Li2IrO3. Lithium is denoted with orange color, oxygen - with blue, a transition metal with green
© Skoltech press office
In this newly suggested structure (Fig.2), layers are shifted relative to each other, causing a framework structure to replace the traditional layered one. This has been shown to boost the stability of cathodes without draining energy upon recharging cycles. Furthermore, using the new structure, nearly all lithium ions can leave the cathode without presenting any increased flammability risk.
As a model device, the framework structure was constructed with a lithium-iridium mixed oxide which is a very expensive material for mass production purposes. Hence, the researchers planned to extend their research, setting their sights on replacing iridium with more abundant and cheaper metals for cathode construction.
More:
http://tass.com/science/941177
Science & Space
April 13, 14:14UTC+3
An international research team discovered how a crystal structure of a cathode of a lithium-ion rechargeable battery can be changed in order to ramp up its efficiency and longevity
Share
4
© Matt Cardy/Getty Images
MOSCOW, April 13. /TASS/ An international research team, among them scientists from Skoltech, discovered how a crystal structure of a cathode of a lithium-ion rechargeable battery can be changed in order to ramp up its efficiency and longevity, without jeopardizing its safety, Skoltech’s press office said. The researchers’ study has recently been published in the journal Nature Materials, with its results being of crucial significance for modern electronics which makes use of lithium-ion cells.
"In our work, we have shown how one should use lithium-ion batteries’ capacity to the fullest, without fear of explosions, fires or the degradation of the materials," said Professor Artem Abakumov from the Skoltech Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage, a coauthor of the study."
Lithium-ion batteries’ key features
READ ALSO
Scientists streamline data transmission through self-assembling wireless network
Lithium-ion batteries are the primary energy source in modern portable electronics and can be found in the majority of mobile phones, cameras, and laptops. In such cells, lithium ions serve as charge carriers: when the battery charges, the lithium ions leave a crystal lattice of a cathode, the negative electrode of a battery, and vice versa: when the battery discharges, the lithium ions enter the cathode again. In modern lithium-ion batteries, the cathode’s typical material is a layered mixed oxide of cobalt and lithium.
Lithium-ion batteries are traditionally characterized by two key features: their potential quantity of recharge cycles and their capacity (i.e., a number of lithium ions that leave the battery’s crystal lattice while discharging and return while charging). Typically, no more than 60% of a battery’s lithium ions leave a cathode structure, otherwise, the likelihood of negative consequences such as fires and explosions increases. This can be rationalized by the fact that after lithium ions have left the cathode, oxygen atoms of the mixed oxide could interact with the solvent surrounding the cathode, with the reaction being accompanied by a surge in heat release.
Zoom In
Crystal structure of layered cathode material LiCoO2. Lithium is denoted with orange color, oxygen - with blue, a transition metal with green
© Skoltech press office
The potential quantity of recharge cycles is also typically limited by the battery’s structure: when a lithium ion leaves its position in the cathode, the vacancy is readily occupied by cobalt atoms which can migrate. As a result, the lithium ion cannot return to its initial position and the battery capacity drops over time.
New structure of lithium-ion batteries
In their novel approach, researchers have put forward a way of solving these problems. The classical cathode of a lithium-ion battery has a layered structure where the layers of lithium are interleaved with the layers of oxygen and a transition metal (it might be cobalt or any other metal) (Fig.1). Such a structure is favorable for the transition metal ions’ migration. To overcome it, the scientists have come up with a principally new structure of a cathode material.
Zoom In
Crystal structure of framework cathode material β-Li2IrO3. Lithium is denoted with orange color, oxygen - with blue, a transition metal with green
© Skoltech press office
In this newly suggested structure (Fig.2), layers are shifted relative to each other, causing a framework structure to replace the traditional layered one. This has been shown to boost the stability of cathodes without draining energy upon recharging cycles. Furthermore, using the new structure, nearly all lithium ions can leave the cathode without presenting any increased flammability risk.
As a model device, the framework structure was constructed with a lithium-iridium mixed oxide which is a very expensive material for mass production purposes. Hence, the researchers planned to extend their research, setting their sights on replacing iridium with more abundant and cheaper metals for cathode construction.
More:
http://tass.com/science/941177
Bahamut
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Russian-made ‘eternal’ disc to store data for 100,000 years
Science & Space
April 11, 13:41UTC+3
The disc made of quartz glass will be resistant to fire, water and space radiation
Share
84
Ivan Glebov, head of the Moscow-based laboratory of laser nano-structuring of glass
© Dmitriy Serebriakov/TASS
MOSCOW, April 11. /TASS/. A Russian-made disc is designed to store data for 100,000 years and will be resistant to fire, water and space radiation, the head of the Moscow-based laboratory of laser nano-structuring of glass told TASS on Tuesday.
"In the normal conditions our disc will allow users to retrieve information with minimal errors even in 100,000 years. Moreover, our eternal disc will be resistant to fires, floods and even long space flights," Ivan Glebov said.
READ ALSO
Russian hi-tech firm creates vegetative data storage media excelling DVD and BluRay
The disc is made of quartz glass and has a standard CD diameter. The principle of data recording and retrieval is similar to that of CD, DVD and Blue Ray.
"However, our research shows the possibility to increase the data volume to up to one terabyte, which is impossible for other types of optical disc," Glebov said.
Data stored on hard drives may last only up to 50 years, while the lifespan of optical discs and magnetic tapes is no more than 60 and 100 years, respectively.
Therefore, the safety of information needed to be stored for more than 100 years is under threat, which prompted the laboratory staff to start developing the ‘eternal’ disk together with the Foundation for Advanced Research Projects, Glebov said.
"This disc can stay on the Moon surface for a long time and later we can watch a film recorded on it," he added.
The disc will be tested in libraries and archives and its production for commercial use will begin in 2021, he said.
More:
http://tass.com/science/940648
Science & Space
April 11, 13:41UTC+3
The disc made of quartz glass will be resistant to fire, water and space radiation
Share
84
Ivan Glebov, head of the Moscow-based laboratory of laser nano-structuring of glass
© Dmitriy Serebriakov/TASS
MOSCOW, April 11. /TASS/. A Russian-made disc is designed to store data for 100,000 years and will be resistant to fire, water and space radiation, the head of the Moscow-based laboratory of laser nano-structuring of glass told TASS on Tuesday.
"In the normal conditions our disc will allow users to retrieve information with minimal errors even in 100,000 years. Moreover, our eternal disc will be resistant to fires, floods and even long space flights," Ivan Glebov said.
READ ALSO
Russian hi-tech firm creates vegetative data storage media excelling DVD and BluRay
The disc is made of quartz glass and has a standard CD diameter. The principle of data recording and retrieval is similar to that of CD, DVD and Blue Ray.
"However, our research shows the possibility to increase the data volume to up to one terabyte, which is impossible for other types of optical disc," Glebov said.
Data stored on hard drives may last only up to 50 years, while the lifespan of optical discs and magnetic tapes is no more than 60 and 100 years, respectively.
Therefore, the safety of information needed to be stored for more than 100 years is under threat, which prompted the laboratory staff to start developing the ‘eternal’ disk together with the Foundation for Advanced Research Projects, Glebov said.
"This disc can stay on the Moon surface for a long time and later we can watch a film recorded on it," he added.
The disc will be tested in libraries and archives and its production for commercial use will begin in 2021, he said.
More:
http://tass.com/science/940648
Bahamut
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- 2,259
Russian hi-tech firm creates vegetative data storage media excelling DVD and BluRay
Science & Space
February 08, 12:17UTC+3
The multi-layered medium consists of photosensitive data-storing layers and polymer-based layers that direct and spread the light of the reading laser
Share
144
© Sergei Konkov/TASS
MOSCOW, February 8. /TASS/. Ruselectronics, part of Russia’s hi-tech corporation Rostec, has developed an optical data storage medium comprising substances of vegetative origin to excel CD, DVD and BluRay formats, the company’s press office told TASS.
The multi-layered medium consists of photosensitive data-storing layers and polymer-based layers that direct and spread the light of the reading laser.
"Chromone-class phenolic compounds originating in plants are used to form functional photosensitive layers," Ruselectronics said.
"The data storage media that have been developed excel the existing CD, DVD and BluRay formats by the storage volume, the efficiency of the method and the speed of reading," the company said.
READ ALSO
US publication selects five most promising Russian hi-tech startups
The new medium in the form of a compact disc can store up to 1 terabyte of information and read data at a speed of 12 gigabits per second while a standard BluRay disc can contain a maximum of 50 gigabytes and offer a data reading speed of 576 megabits per second.
The principle of storing data on a vegetative medium will differ from the method used in existing optical discs. For example, the laser can store information on DVDs by burning some areas in the disc (the so-called pits). Requirements exist for the minimum size limit of pits, as well as restrictions for the number of the disc’s layers.
New data media that will be produced at the Central R&D Technological Institute Technomash will store data through the ability of the chromones to change their properties (they start to glow) under the impact of light of certain intensity. Such a disc can contain a far greater number of data-storing layers.
More:
http://tass.com/science/929677
Science & Space
February 08, 12:17UTC+3
The multi-layered medium consists of photosensitive data-storing layers and polymer-based layers that direct and spread the light of the reading laser
Share
144
© Sergei Konkov/TASS
MOSCOW, February 8. /TASS/. Ruselectronics, part of Russia’s hi-tech corporation Rostec, has developed an optical data storage medium comprising substances of vegetative origin to excel CD, DVD and BluRay formats, the company’s press office told TASS.
The multi-layered medium consists of photosensitive data-storing layers and polymer-based layers that direct and spread the light of the reading laser.
"Chromone-class phenolic compounds originating in plants are used to form functional photosensitive layers," Ruselectronics said.
"The data storage media that have been developed excel the existing CD, DVD and BluRay formats by the storage volume, the efficiency of the method and the speed of reading," the company said.
READ ALSO
US publication selects five most promising Russian hi-tech startups
The new medium in the form of a compact disc can store up to 1 terabyte of information and read data at a speed of 12 gigabits per second while a standard BluRay disc can contain a maximum of 50 gigabytes and offer a data reading speed of 576 megabits per second.
The principle of storing data on a vegetative medium will differ from the method used in existing optical discs. For example, the laser can store information on DVDs by burning some areas in the disc (the so-called pits). Requirements exist for the minimum size limit of pits, as well as restrictions for the number of the disc’s layers.
New data media that will be produced at the Central R&D Technological Institute Technomash will store data through the ability of the chromones to change their properties (they start to glow) under the impact of light of certain intensity. Such a disc can contain a far greater number of data-storing layers.
More:
http://tass.com/science/929677
gadeshi
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Another one new Sukhoi Superjet-100 has conducted its maiden flight:
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92379/
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92379/
gadeshi
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- Jun 19, 2013
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RM Terex Company has presented its special machinnery and road construction gear in Philipines:
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92378/
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92378/
gadeshi
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- Jun 19, 2013
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Pskov VDV airborn division have received Rys (Lynx) light armoured cars:
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92377/
And a Zvezda video from BMD-4M and BTR-MDM first river ferry:
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92377/
And a Zvezda video from BMD-4M and BTR-MDM first river ferry:
gadeshi
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RosElectronika Concern has started to produce new gen high power IR diodes:
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92212/
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92212/
gadeshi
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- Jun 19, 2013
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Russian engineers have finished the world's longest Arctic optical communication line (1250km) construction between Magadan and Yakutsk along Kolyma River:
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92453/
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92453/
gadeshi
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Rostech and Kazan Helicopters Factory have delivered new Mi-8AMT to Gromov LII in Moscow for new auto pilot and FCS systems:
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92425/
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92425/
gadeshi
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- Jun 19, 2013
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Russian atomic physicists participate in Super-KEB collider project (Japan) with superconductive coils and magnets and the most interesting - Bell-II super massive Cesium-Jodide crystals detector:
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92432/
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92432/
Bahamut
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Kaliningrad. (File)
Russian Humanoid Robot 'Fedor' Learns to Shoot Using Both Arms
© Sputnik/ Igor Zarembo
MILITARY & INTELLIGENCE
14:20 14.04.2017Get short URL
27289012112
Humanoid robot F.E.D.O.R., set to fly into space in 2021, is now capable of shooting using both of his arms, according to Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin.
“The robot of the F.E.D.O.R. platform showed skills of firing using both arms. Currently the work on fine motor skills and decision algorithms is underway,” Rogozin wrote on his Twitter.
Робот платформы F.E.D.O.R. показал навыки стрельбы с двух рук. Идёт работа над мелкой моторикой и алгоритмами принятия решений@fpi_russiapic.twitter.com/jREgpgEy14
— Дмитрий Рогозин (@Rogozin) April 13, 2017
According to Rogozin, training to shoot is a way of teaching the robot to instantaneously prioritize targets and make decisions.
“We are not creating a terminator but artificial intelligence which will have a great practical importance in various fields,” he added.
It is expected that “Fedor” will help astronauts work in open space and serve at the station.
…который будет иметь огромное прикладное значение в самых разных сферах pic.twitter.com/lUoaX07Sep
— Дмитрий Рогозин (@Rogozin) April 13, 2017
Earlier, it was reported that the first flight of the Russian next-generation Federation spacecraft will be unmanned and it will be guided by Fedor.
"The unmanned launch and autonomous flight of our new spacecraft will take place in 2021. … It is expected, and all relevant decisions have already been made, that robot Fedor will be the first pilot," Yevgeny Mikrin, Roscosmos general designer of the manned spacecraft, said.
In addition, the robot will also be able to perform service work on the orbital station during the absence of people on it.
Russia's Energia Space Corporation earlier said that the Federation, which is 80 percent built of composite materials, will be manufactured by 2021.
The new spacecraft will replace the aging Soyuz spacecraft in supporting low Earth orbit missions.
Bahamut
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Physicists reveal that X-rays change properties of heavy water
Science & Space
April 13, 17:32 UTC+3
Physicists have revealed that the localization of vibration is breached once molecules are exposed to X-rays
Share
© Yuri Belinskiy/TASS
MOSCOW, April 13. /TASS/ Physicists from Siberian Federal University (SFU) together with their colleagues from Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, have demonstrated that "heavy water" changes its properties while exposed to X-ray irradiation. The study’s results have recently been published in the journal Scientific Reports and might serve as a clue for understanding the mechanisms of controlling chemical reactions by means of irradiation.
The study’s authors have revealed that the localization of vibration is breached once molecules are exposed to X-rays, the SFU’s press office reported.
READ ALSO
Physicists break down 'molecular water dance' into separate motions
What are localized vibrations?
"In the water molecule, H2O, both hydrogen atoms vibrate simultaneously," Swedish Professor Faris Gelmukhanov, a co-author of the study commented. "They might oscillate in a symmetric way, going in a synchronized manner away from, or towards the central oxygen atom. Alternatively, they can perform an antisymmetric motion going in one direction. But anyway, the vibrational motions of both hydrogen atoms are correlated. Such vibrations are dubbed "delocalized."
This picture is completely changed if one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced with the deuterium (D) which is twice as heavy as hydrogen. In such an asymmetric molecule HOD, the atomic vibrations become localized implying that the light hydrogen atom and heavy deuterium atom are oscillating near the central oxygen in an independent way and with different frequencies.
What happens with the "heavy water" molecule under X-ray irradiation?
The independent oscillation character changes under X-ray irradiation. Such an impact transfers the heavy molecule HOD in an excited state where the hydrogen and deuterium are again oscillating in sync as in the regular water molecule.
READ ALSO
Russian scientists discover way to levitate droplets
"The light hydrogen atom moves faster than heavy deuterium atom and this is exactly the asymmetry in kinetic energy which is responsible for the asynchronous behavior of vibrations in non-excited stated of heavy water," Professor Gelmukhanov commented. "However, from the viewpoint of electrostatics, the atoms H and D are absolutely equivalent since they have the same charges."
The quantum calculation of scientists has revealed that in the molecule excited with the X-ray irradiation, the second factor ("symmetric electrostatics") outperforms the first one ("asymmetric kinetic energy") which is the reason for the correlated motion of H and D in an excited state.
The scientists believe that the disclosed "co-existence" of delocalized and localized vibrations in molecules is of primary importance for further studies of migrations of vibrational excitations in solid and liquid materials. The study’s results will assist in researching the processes of energy transfer in condensed media and in the development of controlling mechanisms of photostimulated chemical reactions.
Science & Space
April 13, 17:32 UTC+3
Physicists have revealed that the localization of vibration is breached once molecules are exposed to X-rays
Share
© Yuri Belinskiy/TASS
MOSCOW, April 13. /TASS/ Physicists from Siberian Federal University (SFU) together with their colleagues from Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, have demonstrated that "heavy water" changes its properties while exposed to X-ray irradiation. The study’s results have recently been published in the journal Scientific Reports and might serve as a clue for understanding the mechanisms of controlling chemical reactions by means of irradiation.
The study’s authors have revealed that the localization of vibration is breached once molecules are exposed to X-rays, the SFU’s press office reported.
READ ALSO
Physicists break down 'molecular water dance' into separate motions
What are localized vibrations?
"In the water molecule, H2O, both hydrogen atoms vibrate simultaneously," Swedish Professor Faris Gelmukhanov, a co-author of the study commented. "They might oscillate in a symmetric way, going in a synchronized manner away from, or towards the central oxygen atom. Alternatively, they can perform an antisymmetric motion going in one direction. But anyway, the vibrational motions of both hydrogen atoms are correlated. Such vibrations are dubbed "delocalized."
This picture is completely changed if one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced with the deuterium (D) which is twice as heavy as hydrogen. In such an asymmetric molecule HOD, the atomic vibrations become localized implying that the light hydrogen atom and heavy deuterium atom are oscillating near the central oxygen in an independent way and with different frequencies.
What happens with the "heavy water" molecule under X-ray irradiation?
The independent oscillation character changes under X-ray irradiation. Such an impact transfers the heavy molecule HOD in an excited state where the hydrogen and deuterium are again oscillating in sync as in the regular water molecule.
READ ALSO
Russian scientists discover way to levitate droplets
"The light hydrogen atom moves faster than heavy deuterium atom and this is exactly the asymmetry in kinetic energy which is responsible for the asynchronous behavior of vibrations in non-excited stated of heavy water," Professor Gelmukhanov commented. "However, from the viewpoint of electrostatics, the atoms H and D are absolutely equivalent since they have the same charges."
The quantum calculation of scientists has revealed that in the molecule excited with the X-ray irradiation, the second factor ("symmetric electrostatics") outperforms the first one ("asymmetric kinetic energy") which is the reason for the correlated motion of H and D in an excited state.
The scientists believe that the disclosed "co-existence" of delocalized and localized vibrations in molecules is of primary importance for further studies of migrations of vibrational excitations in solid and liquid materials. The study’s results will assist in researching the processes of energy transfer in condensed media and in the development of controlling mechanisms of photostimulated chemical reactions.
gadeshi
Senior Member
- Joined
- Jun 19, 2013
- Messages
- 9,223
- Likes
- 6,636
Marine objects construction fro Filanovskiy oil and gas deposite in Kaspian Sea:
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92230/
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/92230/
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