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Bahamut
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Sleep hormone can prolong ageing in cells
March 29, 2017 ARAM TER-GAZARYAN, SPECIAL TO RBTH
Russian scientists have proven that prolonged administration of melatonin, the hormone that regulates sleep and wake cycles, can slow down the ageing process.
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Experiments revealed that constant administration of melatonin helped keep mitochondria in a good shape. Source: David Ellis/Global Look Press
Scientists from the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics claim it’s possible to slow down the ageing process of the human body by using the hormone melatonin, which regulates sleep and wakefulness. By administering the hormone for a prolonged period of time on rats, they found that cells isolated from the rodents’ liver that produce heat and electricity (i.e. mitochondria) remained intact and did not die.
Under normal conditions and over time, pores appear in mitochondria through which these "powerhouse" cells lose the enzymes necessary for normal operation. Experiments revealed that constant administration of melatonin helped keep mitochondria in a good shape in both young and very old rats. The next step could be testing on humans.
Electrical impulse for a cell
"Our research has shown that administration of melatonin makes it possible to considerably reduce the loss of the protein cytochrome, which is responsible for cell ‘respiration’," said Olga Krestinina, a senior researcher at the institute who took part in the experiment. "This inhibiting effect of melatonin makes it possible to retain other important chemical compounds inside the mitochondria. For example, phosphodiesterase cyclic nucleotides, which do not allow cells to ‘dry up’. When a body grows old, their level decreases, whereas we have been able to keep it at the right level."
New method of electric stimulation gives hope to the paralyzed
Cyclic nucleotides keep mitochondria in a state that ensures a sufficient amount of heat and electrical impulses are produced in a body. That is why mitochondria are often referred to as "powerhouses” that feed all the cells of the body that have their own DNA.
Ageing membranes
As a result of the experiments, the scientists have established that cells do not age because of mutations, as previously thought. The cause lies in the membranes or "cell shells": Over time, they become decrepit, simply "leaking" the essential chemical compounds through pores that form in them. It turned out that the hormone melatonin effectively "nourishes" the cell membrane, maintaining it in its normal state.
"With ageing, the content of melatonin in a body decreases rapidly, as does the concentration of calcium ions," Krestinina explained. "This leads to the disruption of normal operation of cells and their subsequent death. In addition to ageing, these processes also occur in patients suffering from ischemic heart disease, septic shock, Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases. Disruption in mitochondrial activity causes active forms of oxygen to be produced in large quantities, leading to oxidative stress."
How to slow down the oxidation of cells
Russian biologists decided to find out whether it’s possible to slow down the oxidation of cells by directly introducing a mitochondria substance that would "extinguish" oxygen molecules that destroy the cell. They chose melatonin for a simple reason – young people have this hormone in abundance, while ageing bodies have a shortage of it. The scientists decided to check whether the behavior of young and old cells change if the concentration of melatonin they contain is increased.
The Russian scientists’ discovery is part of a major project aimed at creating drugs that strengthen mitochondria. In the future, these drugs could be used not only to tackle the ageing process, but also to treat serious liver and heart conditions as well as cancerous tumors.
March 29, 2017 ARAM TER-GAZARYAN, SPECIAL TO RBTH
Russian scientists have proven that prolonged administration of melatonin, the hormone that regulates sleep and wake cycles, can slow down the ageing process.
Facebook2
Siberian biologists create artificial blood vessels
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SCIENCE, MEDICINE
Experiments revealed that constant administration of melatonin helped keep mitochondria in a good shape. Source: David Ellis/Global Look Press
Scientists from the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics claim it’s possible to slow down the ageing process of the human body by using the hormone melatonin, which regulates sleep and wakefulness. By administering the hormone for a prolonged period of time on rats, they found that cells isolated from the rodents’ liver that produce heat and electricity (i.e. mitochondria) remained intact and did not die.
Under normal conditions and over time, pores appear in mitochondria through which these "powerhouse" cells lose the enzymes necessary for normal operation. Experiments revealed that constant administration of melatonin helped keep mitochondria in a good shape in both young and very old rats. The next step could be testing on humans.
Electrical impulse for a cell
"Our research has shown that administration of melatonin makes it possible to considerably reduce the loss of the protein cytochrome, which is responsible for cell ‘respiration’," said Olga Krestinina, a senior researcher at the institute who took part in the experiment. "This inhibiting effect of melatonin makes it possible to retain other important chemical compounds inside the mitochondria. For example, phosphodiesterase cyclic nucleotides, which do not allow cells to ‘dry up’. When a body grows old, their level decreases, whereas we have been able to keep it at the right level."
New method of electric stimulation gives hope to the paralyzed
Cyclic nucleotides keep mitochondria in a state that ensures a sufficient amount of heat and electrical impulses are produced in a body. That is why mitochondria are often referred to as "powerhouses” that feed all the cells of the body that have their own DNA.
Ageing membranes
As a result of the experiments, the scientists have established that cells do not age because of mutations, as previously thought. The cause lies in the membranes or "cell shells": Over time, they become decrepit, simply "leaking" the essential chemical compounds through pores that form in them. It turned out that the hormone melatonin effectively "nourishes" the cell membrane, maintaining it in its normal state.
"With ageing, the content of melatonin in a body decreases rapidly, as does the concentration of calcium ions," Krestinina explained. "This leads to the disruption of normal operation of cells and their subsequent death. In addition to ageing, these processes also occur in patients suffering from ischemic heart disease, septic shock, Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases. Disruption in mitochondrial activity causes active forms of oxygen to be produced in large quantities, leading to oxidative stress."
How to slow down the oxidation of cells
Russian biologists decided to find out whether it’s possible to slow down the oxidation of cells by directly introducing a mitochondria substance that would "extinguish" oxygen molecules that destroy the cell. They chose melatonin for a simple reason – young people have this hormone in abundance, while ageing bodies have a shortage of it. The scientists decided to check whether the behavior of young and old cells change if the concentration of melatonin they contain is increased.
The Russian scientists’ discovery is part of a major project aimed at creating drugs that strengthen mitochondria. In the future, these drugs could be used not only to tackle the ageing process, but also to treat serious liver and heart conditions as well as cancerous tumors.
Bahamut
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New method of electric stimulation gives hope to the paralyzed
November 9, 2016 ARAM TER-GAZARYAN, RBTH
Russian and Swiss neurophysiologists have developed a method of stimulating the spine after a severe injury. The method has already shown positive results in tests on paralyzed rats.
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Grisha Bruskin: Russia is more interesting to the West when it is dangerous
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Scientists hope to help paralyzed people with the use of electric stimulation and implants. Source: Shutterstock / Legion-Media
Scientists from St. Petersburg and Zurich hope to help paralyzed people with the use of electric stimulation and implants. They already tested the new method on rats and are now preparing for the first trials involving disabled human patients.
“The idea to use electric stimulation resulted from many years of experiments," said one of the new method's developers, Pavel Musiyenko, who works for the Institute of Translational Biomedicine at the St. Petersburg State University. "Previously, electric stimulation was used in tonic mode, i.e. with one or two areas of the spinal cord stimulated nonstop.”
He said that in the course of tests on rats the scientists developed electrode matrixes, new implant technologies, and an algorithm of alternate stimulation of different zones of the spinal cord, depending on the task at hand and the condition of the animals’ locomotor system.
Hope for paralyzed cats?
The research group, led by Swiss scientist Grégoire Courtine, created a new algorithm for stimulating nerve fibers, allowing paralyzed laboratory rats to move again. The scientists established that even in very serious injuries some nerve endings remain unaffected.
Russian scientist makes anti-aging breakthrough
They reprogrammed the unaffected neural connections in the spinal cord for new tasks, such as restoring lost locomotor activity. Electric stimulation of these neurons, and special training in an exoskeleton devised especially for this purpose, yielded positive results, with the rats restoring their locomotor activity practically to full strength.
“The underlying principle is that if the ability to flex the back is affected, then it is the zone that is responsible for flexor muscles that needs to be stimulated, and the same applies to zones responsible for extensor muscles," explained Musiyenko. "The method works, but I think it is premature to say that it should be tested on humans straight away."
According to Musiyenko, the new approach should first be tested on larger mammals such as cats, or possibly monkeys.
Humans must wait
Time is one obstacle to rehabilitation. The method does not work if paralysis happened years ago, or in cases of partial paralysis. But it is applicable at early stages of treatment. Special electrostimulation ‘matrixes’, i.e. stem cell-based implants, make it possible to activate unaffected nerve cells and circuits in the process of restoring locomotor activity.
“It is not yet clear when tests on other animals will begin, which depends on funding and the research team," said Musiyenko. "Neurophysiologists, neurosurgeons, engineers and other experts are just as essential for a successful test and technology implementation as the financial investment."
In the meantime, Russian and Swiss scientists continue to study the mechanism of restoring the spinal cord through electric stimulation. They are currently developing rehabilitation methods for patients with partial paralysis.
November 9, 2016 ARAM TER-GAZARYAN, RBTH
Russian and Swiss neurophysiologists have developed a method of stimulating the spine after a severe injury. The method has already shown positive results in tests on paralyzed rats.
Facebook58
Grisha Bruskin: Russia is more interesting to the West when it is dangerous
TAGS
ANIMALS, MEDICINE,RBTH DAILY, ST. PETERSBURG
Scientists hope to help paralyzed people with the use of electric stimulation and implants. Source: Shutterstock / Legion-Media
Scientists from St. Petersburg and Zurich hope to help paralyzed people with the use of electric stimulation and implants. They already tested the new method on rats and are now preparing for the first trials involving disabled human patients.
“The idea to use electric stimulation resulted from many years of experiments," said one of the new method's developers, Pavel Musiyenko, who works for the Institute of Translational Biomedicine at the St. Petersburg State University. "Previously, electric stimulation was used in tonic mode, i.e. with one or two areas of the spinal cord stimulated nonstop.”
He said that in the course of tests on rats the scientists developed electrode matrixes, new implant technologies, and an algorithm of alternate stimulation of different zones of the spinal cord, depending on the task at hand and the condition of the animals’ locomotor system.
Hope for paralyzed cats?
The research group, led by Swiss scientist Grégoire Courtine, created a new algorithm for stimulating nerve fibers, allowing paralyzed laboratory rats to move again. The scientists established that even in very serious injuries some nerve endings remain unaffected.
Russian scientist makes anti-aging breakthrough
They reprogrammed the unaffected neural connections in the spinal cord for new tasks, such as restoring lost locomotor activity. Electric stimulation of these neurons, and special training in an exoskeleton devised especially for this purpose, yielded positive results, with the rats restoring their locomotor activity practically to full strength.
“The underlying principle is that if the ability to flex the back is affected, then it is the zone that is responsible for flexor muscles that needs to be stimulated, and the same applies to zones responsible for extensor muscles," explained Musiyenko. "The method works, but I think it is premature to say that it should be tested on humans straight away."
According to Musiyenko, the new approach should first be tested on larger mammals such as cats, or possibly monkeys.
Humans must wait
Time is one obstacle to rehabilitation. The method does not work if paralysis happened years ago, or in cases of partial paralysis. But it is applicable at early stages of treatment. Special electrostimulation ‘matrixes’, i.e. stem cell-based implants, make it possible to activate unaffected nerve cells and circuits in the process of restoring locomotor activity.
“It is not yet clear when tests on other animals will begin, which depends on funding and the research team," said Musiyenko. "Neurophysiologists, neurosurgeons, engineers and other experts are just as essential for a successful test and technology implementation as the financial investment."
In the meantime, Russian and Swiss scientists continue to study the mechanism of restoring the spinal cord through electric stimulation. They are currently developing rehabilitation methods for patients with partial paralysis.
Bahamut
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Siberian biologists create artificial blood vessels
March 28, 2017 MARINA MOSKALENKO, SPECIAL TO RBTH
Engineered 'blood vessels' are a combination of nano-materials and a patient's own cells, and they are the closest thing possible to genuine human blood vessels.
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Sleep hormone can prolong ageing in cells
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MEDICINE
Scientists from Novosibirsk University and the Institute of Cytology and Genetics proposed filling artificial blood vessels with living cells. Source: Global Look Press
Using a combination of nano-materials and human cells, Siberian scientists have designed artificial blood vessels. Their similarity to human blood vessels will minimize the possibility of rejection by the body's immune system, as well as help avoid inflammation and blood clots.
Living cells
Many experts in tissue engineering from around the world, especially the U.S., Great Britain and Germany, are working to develop artificial blood vessels. Some are created from the cells of lambs, while others are made with a 3D printer.
Scientists from Novosibirsk University and the Institute of Cytology and Genetics proposed another method - not just using artificial blood vessels, but filling them with living cells.
Will the totally paralyzed communicate with thought power?
The result is based on membranes comprised of biodegradable polyester - polycaprolactone and chitosan - made by treating the chitin shells of shrimp with an alkaline substance. Scientists colonized them with human heart cells - endothelial cells which line the blood vessels - and smooth muscle cells to create vascular tone.
Strong blood vessels
"The combination of selected cells makes the graft strong and durable," said Novosibirsk State University researcher Anna Smirnova. "The mixture of chitosan and polycaprolactone also has its advantages. Chitosan has fantastic biological characteristics: it doesn't provoke an immune response, it's biocompatible when grafted into the body and has antimicrobial properties. But the materials derived from it are not strong enough."
That's why scientists mixed chitosan with polycaprolactone, which compensates for this shortcoming. This mixture is much more potent than each one individually.
After a series of experiments, researchers calculated the optimal ratio of components for the most effective tissue generation on the membrane surface. They realized that human cells after colonization retain their functional characteristics.
Experiments on mice followed, and new vessels were implanted into the aortas. Tests confirmed that the cell-filled grafts have sufficient strength to react to variations in blood pressure.
"Ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance tomography confirmed that after implantation, and for the entire duration of the experiment, the aorta of the mice remains passable and a pulsatile blood flow is retained in the implant," said Smirnova.
Histological analysis shows that after any given period of time - be it two weeks, or 24 weeks - the engineered grafts continue to form the necessary functional layers of cells and integrate well into the surrounding tissue. The Siberian scientists will continue their research.
March 28, 2017 MARINA MOSKALENKO, SPECIAL TO RBTH
Engineered 'blood vessels' are a combination of nano-materials and a patient's own cells, and they are the closest thing possible to genuine human blood vessels.
Facebook194
Sleep hormone can prolong ageing in cells
TAGS
MEDICINE
Scientists from Novosibirsk University and the Institute of Cytology and Genetics proposed filling artificial blood vessels with living cells. Source: Global Look Press
Using a combination of nano-materials and human cells, Siberian scientists have designed artificial blood vessels. Their similarity to human blood vessels will minimize the possibility of rejection by the body's immune system, as well as help avoid inflammation and blood clots.
Living cells
Many experts in tissue engineering from around the world, especially the U.S., Great Britain and Germany, are working to develop artificial blood vessels. Some are created from the cells of lambs, while others are made with a 3D printer.
Scientists from Novosibirsk University and the Institute of Cytology and Genetics proposed another method - not just using artificial blood vessels, but filling them with living cells.
Will the totally paralyzed communicate with thought power?
The result is based on membranes comprised of biodegradable polyester - polycaprolactone and chitosan - made by treating the chitin shells of shrimp with an alkaline substance. Scientists colonized them with human heart cells - endothelial cells which line the blood vessels - and smooth muscle cells to create vascular tone.
Strong blood vessels
"The combination of selected cells makes the graft strong and durable," said Novosibirsk State University researcher Anna Smirnova. "The mixture of chitosan and polycaprolactone also has its advantages. Chitosan has fantastic biological characteristics: it doesn't provoke an immune response, it's biocompatible when grafted into the body and has antimicrobial properties. But the materials derived from it are not strong enough."
That's why scientists mixed chitosan with polycaprolactone, which compensates for this shortcoming. This mixture is much more potent than each one individually.
After a series of experiments, researchers calculated the optimal ratio of components for the most effective tissue generation on the membrane surface. They realized that human cells after colonization retain their functional characteristics.
Experiments on mice followed, and new vessels were implanted into the aortas. Tests confirmed that the cell-filled grafts have sufficient strength to react to variations in blood pressure.
"Ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance tomography confirmed that after implantation, and for the entire duration of the experiment, the aorta of the mice remains passable and a pulsatile blood flow is retained in the implant," said Smirnova.
Histological analysis shows that after any given period of time - be it two weeks, or 24 weeks - the engineered grafts continue to form the necessary functional layers of cells and integrate well into the surrounding tissue. The Siberian scientists will continue their research.
bhramos
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bhramos
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bhramos
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bhramos
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The last part of Western High Speed Diameter highway complex - Big Nevka River bridge under construction in St. Pete:
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/91655/
So much of construction going on in St. Pete. Is it one of the site of 2018 FIFA World Cup?
gadeshi
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gadeshi
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Russian Airborn Troops (VDV) have first time used Ratnik-2 future soldier combat gear suits in real life trainings:
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/91967/
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/91967/
gadeshi
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GAZ Group presents its NEXT series commercial trucks on Belgrad Motor Show in Serbia:
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/91965/
https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/91965/
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