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October Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The October Revolution (Russian: ОктÑÌбрьÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ñ€ÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð»ÑŽÌциÑ, tr. Oktyabr'skaya revolyutsiya; IPA: [ÉkˈtʲæbrʲskÉ™jÉ™ rʲɪvÉˈlʲʉtsɨjÉ™]), officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (Russian: ВелиÌÐºÐ°Ñ ÐžÐºÑ‚ÑÌбрьÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑоциалиÑтиÌчеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ñ€ÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð»ÑŽÌциÑ, tr. Velikaya Oktyabr'skaya sotsialisticheskaya revolyutsiya), and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a seizure of state power instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917. It took place with an armed insurrection in Petrograd traditionally dated to 25 October 1917 (by the Julian or Old Style calendar, which corresponds to 7 November 1917 in the Gregorian or New Style calendar).
It followed and capitalized on the February Revolution of the same year, which overthrew the Tsarist autocracy and established a provisional government composed predominantly of former nobles and aristocrats. During this time, urban workers began to organize into councils (Russian: Soviet) wherein revolutionaries criticized the provisional government and its actions. The October Revolution in Petrograd overthrew the provisional government and gave the power to the local soviets. The Bolshevik party was heavily supported by the soviets. After the Congress of Soviets, now the governing body, had its second session, it elected members of the Bolsheviks and other leftist groups such as the Left Socialist Revolutionaries to key positions within the new state of affairs. This immediately initiated the establishment of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the world's first self-proclaimed socialist state. As the revolution was not universally recognized, there followed the struggles of the Russian Civil War (1917–1922) and the creation of the Soviet Union in 1922.
The revolution was led by the Bolsheviks, who used their influence in the Petrograd Soviet to organize the armed forces. Bolshevik Red Guards forces under the Military Revolutionary Committee began the takeover of government buildings on 24 October 1917 (O.S.). The following day, the Winter Palace (the seat of the Provisional government located in Petrograd, then capital of Russia), was captured.