Identity could be defined as the distinctive characteristics of an individual, group or a Nation and for a Nation it is essential to maintain such an unique amalgam of social, economic, cultural, linguist distinctiveness for survival as an entity.
Pakistan identity emerged post partition, notwithstanding the claims that it was manifest when the Arab and other motley hordes descended to loot, plunder and rape India. To be fair, it was then but independent Kingdoms and not the political India of pre and post partition. Pre partition there was India. However, pre partition there was no entity called Pakistan, notwithstanding any desperate attempts to re-tool history to ‘discover’ a unique and singular identity called Pakistani!
One can even concede that with the marauding Arab and other hordes descending on lands known today as India and Pakistan, while no Pakistani identity emerged, there sure was an emerging Muslim identity, with conversions, willing, unwilling or coerced. But then Muslim identity is not Pakistani identity.
Identity crisis manifests itself when one’s ideological basis and prevailing circumstances contradict in such a way that the prevailing circumstances dominate the ideological basis. Indeed if the Pakistanis conjure that the Mughals are their ancestors and affiliate themselves to such a start of their heritage, it equate to the comfort-loving attitude of the rulers, bloodsheds for the throne, abandoned faith, mismanagement of domestic economic and political matters, absence of updated foreign developments and other moral, ethical and social weaknesses. It may be true since that is what still is evident in what is Pakistan!
Then came the identity crisis of Islamic sect. Was Pakistan Sunni or Shia or both?
This phase of identity crisis began very after the inception of Pakistan. The Shia/Sunni crisis at the time of partition was the first of all. However, the Shia Quaid-e-Azam realising the folly organised so as to have it bury the hatchet at that time but later on it burst up from different grounds.
Chronologically the second case of identity crisis was the crisis of East and West Pakistan. Population wise East Pakistan was more than the total population of the four provinces of West Pakistan and when the attempt was made to impinge on the Bengali identity, which all Bengalis irrespective of religion, fondly cherish, another crisis in identity emerged! Bengalis, being so fiercely close to their unique cultural identity, could not allow it to be trampled upon, including the temerity to deny Mujibur, who won fair and square, the Premiership of Pakistan! It was the proverbial straw that broke the camel’s back {pun not intended)! Bengali identity surfaced triumphant with the creation of Bangladesh.
A nation’s identity manifests itself in the Constitution. It gives the ‘character’ of how the Nation will be. Constitution is the base of any new born state but in case of Pakistan this base couldn’t be established even after about a decade of the inception of Pakistan. So when there was no base for people, the process of identity development started very late. The Delayed constitutional development, unstable political conditions (due to personal likes and dislikes and lust of power), Social injustice and negative image of Pakistan on international screen. Then the termination of the 1956 and 1962 Constitutions added to the confusion in the quest for national identity!
The social injustice rampant in Pakistan also played a part in the crisis of national identity. At the time of Partition, the migration of population gave the opportunity to some people to attain the acquisition of these massive properties and allowed many to usurp property and enslave others to become ‘jagirdars’ etc. Hence, feudalism became the national identity forgetting the ideological agenda that created Pakistan!
Slowly and steadily Pakistan sunk into the morass of that feudalism generates - corruption, national disharmony, rigid attitudes, misconceptions about the religion (partly the role played by ‘mullas’), blind practices on unnecessary customs and a list of moral dilemmas. The identity crisis after the partition threw Pakistan in an ignominious status both at domestic and at international arena. Domestically she couldn’t achieve the social status which she dreamt during the Pakistan movement. Economically Pakistan stood at the back end of the global economic stage. And above all she was looked upon as a ‘terrorist state’ due to some groups that were spawned as ‘strategic assent’. Even though some of them really didn’t have the basic knowledge of their ideological agenda!
One could go on, but time and space constraints dictate.
Cut to the present time.
Pakistan, a proud people otherwise, is unfortunately is in a total disarray about their national identity and national aspirations. Economically bankrupt and foisted with IMF and WB money and US munificence, Pakistan finds herself between the Devil and the Deep Sea. This unfortunate economic state of affairs, forced Pakistan to eat humble pie and they embarked on the unbelievable! Pakistan willingly allowed Muslims to kill Muslim i.e. their ‘strategic assets’!! Muslims are not supposed to kill their brother Muslims!! Such is the unfortunate situation in Pakistan.
The Balochis, Shias of Northern Area, Pashtuns, the Mohajirs and the Sindhis all have underground movements that delink themselves.
Therefore, it would be obtuse to feel that there is no Identity crisis!!