India's Air Defense System and its Capabilities

smartindian

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hey guys let us discuss the capability of our air defense system, and development regarding air defense system
type of guidance system which it uses.
 
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Kunal Biswas

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Indian Army 40mm L70 guns needs upgrade!!
It receive new fire-control radars, but possibly during engagement it may shut off....
Therefore the Gun needs to be operated in manual, And with lates 80s tech its not enough to shoot down a fast attacking jets..

Some Pics I took in Defexpo 2010 of updated 40mm L70 gun, it have a tracer also latest digital fire-control system within the gun,
It was awesome!!









 

Kunal Biswas

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You forgot
Akash is a good SAM, but it is still not induced also it have a major drawback!
The best thing is, that will be getting these in good number also these systems are cheap compare to Russian ones..

C4I CENTRES

The C4I centres are the nerve centres of the Akash group. The Group Control Centre (GCC) commands and controls four batteries. It is at the apex of the weapon system organization and interfaces with ground and airborne sensors. It establishes links with four Battery Control Centres and acts as the command and control headquarters of the Group. The GCC conducts air defense operations in a large area, in coordination with the overall air defense set-up in a zone of operations. It is based on a single mobile platform, which is self-sufficient in terms of power, communications and essential utilities for continuous operations.



The Battery Control Centre (BCC) is based on a tank vehicle for enhanced cross-country mobility. At one level, it functions as the junior partner of the GCC, while in its independent (autonomous) role, it is self-sufficient to conduct air defense operations of the Battery, in coordination with the overall air defense set-up in an area of operation. The BCC interfaces with the external C&R agencies and with a dedicated set of sensors and launchers.



3D Central Acquisition Radar (3D CAR )

The Akash Group comprises a set of surveillance radars, one at the Group HQ and the other as part of the Battery. The tracking –cum-guidance radar is only at the Battery level.

3D Central Acquisition Radar (3D CAR ) is a long-range surveillance sensor interfaced with the GCC. It provides azimuth, range and height of targets. It is capable of detecting ,tracking and processing more than 200 tracks


Battery Surveillance Radar (BSR)

The Battery Surveillance Radar (BSR) is a track vehicle based, long range sensor, interfaced with the BCC. It can detect and track upto 40 targets in range and azimuth.
Battery Level Radar (BLR)

The Battery Level Radar (BLR) is a phased array, multi-function sensor interfaced with the BCC. It acquires and tracks upto 20 targets in range, azimuth and height. Slewable and mobile, the BLR also tracks and guides upto eight missiles simultaneously towards the targets assigned by the BCC.

Army Self-Propelled Launcher (ASPL)

The Army Self-Propelled Launcher (ASPL) is a tracked vehicle carrier, which carries and launches three missiles in succession, if required. It is capable of remote operation from the BCC and needs minimum time for preparation. The launcher is 360 degrees slewable and its arc in elevation is from 6 to 60 degrees.


Akash Air Force Launcher (AAFL)

The Akash Air Force Launcher (AAFL) is configured on a trailer based mobile vehicle, which can deploy in three ways; the vehicle mode, the trailer mode and the stand-alone mode. It carries three ready to fire missiles and is capable of remote operation. 360 degree slewable, in elevation it can fire from 8 to 75 degrees in all directions depending on the mode of deployment.

The launch platforms are microprocessor driven and controlled through an electro-mechanical servo system. They have there own inbuilt gas turbine engine (GTE) driven power sources.
The Akash missile uses an Integral Ram Rocket (IRR) solid propulsion system, which gives it a very high-speed intercept range of 30km. The missile has an all-up weight of 720kg and a length of nearly 6m.The digital on-board command and guidance unit coupled with a highly responsive actuator system, makes the missile highly maneuverable upto 15g loads and a tail chase capability for end game engagement. A digital proximity fuze is coupled with a 55kg pre-fragmented warhead, while the safety arming and detonation mechanism enables a controlled detonation sequence. A self-destruct device is also integrated.bTo enable the Akash group to perform self-sufficient in the combat zone, a number of supporting specialist vehicles have been designed and developed. They are mobile and field-worthy. Their design is based on the role and task to be performed and the vehicles are accordingly allocated to the Group HQ, the Batteries, Assembly Line Area and the Field maintenance workshop.

Some of the vehicles are: the Missile Transportation Vehicle (MTV), the Transportation and Loading Vehicle (TLV), the Mobile Station for Missile Checkout (MSMC) Vehicle, the Air Compressor Vehicle (ACV), the Power Supply vehicles (GPSV, BPSV), the Engineering Support, Maintenance and Repair vehicles (GEM, BEM) and a few others. These specialist vehicles assemble and prepare missiles, deliver them to Batteries, carry maintenance spares and fuel, and provide logistical engineering support. Their allocation provides for flexibility and self-sufficiency to the whole Akash Group
The Akash Group is extremely flexible in employment and deployment. It is best employed as a Group. However, Batteries can be employed on independent tasks if required. This is called the Autonomous Mode.

The four Batteries can be deployed in various geometric formations, as suited to the vulnerable area being protected and the extent desired to be sanitized from enemy air threat.

Similarly, the Battery can deploy its launchers in a way as to be optimal for target engagement as the threat is perceived ab-initio or as it evolves during combat. Mobility enables quick redeployment and the sensors can be so positioned as to achieve the optimum kill zone.

The Akash Group and Batteries can protect static, semi-mobile as well as mobile assets. These may be critical national assets in the hinterland or large armour formations thrusting into the enemy territory.


The GCC and the BCCs must be deployed in a manner, which will provide a clear line of sight (LOS) to the batteries, which may be placed upto a maximum of 30km away from it. This requires the mast of the communication antenna to be raised to the required appropriate height.

The 3D CAR antenna vehicle must be placed keeping in mind the screening constraints. The antenna vehicle needs to be aligned accurately by knowing its position and orientation with respect to the north. This information is made available to the CAR computer from ALNS. Care has been taken to align the antenna with the mounting of the ALNS and the system has been calibrated. The leveling of the antenna needs to be accurate in order to avoid any tilt, which would introduce a bias.

The BSR is also provided with ALNS to measure its latitude, longitude and orientation with respect to true north. This information is required by both GCC and the computer of the BSR.

The BLR is also provided with ALNS to measure its latitude and longitude and orientation with respect to the true north. This information is required by GCC, BCC and BLR computers.

The ASPL is a mobile launch system for missiles. It is based on a tracked vehicle and carries three prepared missiles for launch. The equipment operates fully automatically and is remotely controlled by the BCC (Battery Control Center) which may be upto 500m away. Control is effected via radio or line links. ALNS system of ASPL is also connected to its computer.

Akash has an advanced automated functioning capability. The 3D CAR automatically starts tracking targets at a distance of around 150 km providing early warning to the system and operators. The target track information is transferred to GCC. GCC automatically classifies the target. BSR starts tracking targets around a range of 100km. This data is transferred to GCC. The GCC performs multi-radar tracking and carries out track correlation and data fusion. Target position information is sent to the BLR which uses this information to acquire the targets.

The BCC which can engage a target(s) from the selected list at the earliest point of time is assigned the target in real time by the GCC. The availability of missiles and the health of the missiles are also taken into consideration during this process. Fresh targets are assigned as and when intercepts with assigned targets are completed. A single shot kill probability of 88% has been achieved by the system taking into consideration various parameters of the sensors, guidance command, missile capabilities and kill zone computations.

There are a number of possibilities for deploying Akash weapon system in autonomous mode and in group mode for neutralizing the threat profiles with defined multi-target engagement scenarios. In the Group mode we can have number of configurations to defend vulnerable areas depending upon nature and expected threat pattern, characteristics of threat. Similarly, multiple batteries in autonomous mode can be deployed to defend vulnerable areas/points.
Box configuration

Each battery is placed such that the four BCCs effectively cover the corner of a box of side 62 km. Each battery is defended by the other two adjacent batteries and the GCC is well within the coverage of all the four batteries. Full 360-degree radar coverage can be obtained without slewing the tracking radar. This deployment pattern can defend an area of 62km x 62km.
Linear array configuration

All the BCCs are arranged in a straight line. GCC can be placed such that the distance between GCC and each BCC never exceeds more than 30km. This type of pattern can defend a coverage zone with maximum length in any direction. It covers an area of 98km x 44km. This deployment pattern can act as air defense support to large extended moving columns.


Trapezoidal configuration
he placement of batteries is such that they are at the corner of a trapezoid. This pattern gives defense to the largest area as compared to any other pattern of deployment. This pattern can defend an area of size 5000 square km.



The Diamond and Semi-circles are other variations that can be adopted.
Within each Battery the launchers can be sited in various configurations. Thus the battery can also adopt the Box, the Linear, the Trapezoid or other geometries.
Thanks to Dark Sorrow!
 
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Yatharth Singh

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hey something more.

Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) / Pradyumna Ballistic Missile Interceptor


Advanced Air Defence (AAD)/Ashwin Ballistic Missile Interceptor

 

JBH22

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they should do something for the truck mounted Akash i doubt its that mobile
 

sayareakd

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they should do something for the truck mounted Akash i doubt its that mobile
if this is what you are talking about for your info that version is for IAF



check the youtube video at frame No. 810 to 8.22 it is good mobility for Air forces requirement. you can check the Indian army version on T series tank. :happy_2:


BTW you guys can watch number of goodies from DRDO in this great video, you will find amazing things including land mine detection by thermal image and user trial video of Agni 1 (coved in railway wagon). :emot159:
 
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Agantrope

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Kunal,
As aakash is our own missile we can modify that into what we want, scope of the upgrade is very high such as navigation system and all. Cheap alternate solution to Pechora
 

Kunal Biswas

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Kunal,
As aakash is our own missile we can modify that into what we want, scope of the upgrade is very high such as navigation system and all. Cheap alternate solution to Pechora
What are the major modification on Akash2 when compare to Akash1..
If both system have almost same range with minor changes to missle why give a new designation why not to say a upgrade to existing system ?
 

sayareakd

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What are the major modification on Akash2 when compare to Akash1..
If both system have almost same range with minor changes to missle why give a new designation why not to say a upgrade to existing system ?
longer range............... had long chat with the guys.
 

Kunal Biswas

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RADARS
Most important as well as a basis tool in Air-defense..


Indian Air Defence network via a communications system using both HF/VHF radio sets and telephone lines. A more advanced communications system based on fibre optic cables and satellite communications would also assist the MOPS in reporting to the radar picket line. The radar picket line, which lies about-93 miles (150km) behind the MOPs, consists of a number of radar clusters. These comprise three radar stations separated at a distance of the sum of their radii. The equipment issued to these clusters generally comprises one Sovietera ST-68/U and two P-18/-19 radars. These are then flanked by two P-12/-15 radars. The ST-68/U acts as the Control and Reporting Centre (CRC). This may have changed somewhat as the ST-68U, which was plagued with nagging development problems, was supposed to replace older Soviet-made equipment. The ST-68/U is known by NATO as the Tin Shield radar and has a maximum range of some 217 miles (350km). It is optimised for the detection of low-flying aircraft and cruise missiles employing electronic countermeasures (ECM). Moreover, India has been producing the French-designed TRS-2215D 3-D surveillance radar under licence for a number of years and has derived from that an indigenously built radar - PSM-33 Mk 2. This has probably supplanted most of the older Soviet-bloc equipment. The TRS-2215D and PSM-33 Mk.2 have surveillance ranges of up to 317 (510km) with a peak power output of 660-700kW operating in the E/F bands and possess a very significant ECCM capability. The old P-12 and even the P-18/-19 families of radars are a different matter. While these systems have a respectable detection range, they are very much of an older vintage and have been severely compromised after their use in the Arab-Israeli wars and other conflicts. Their replacement by the ST-68/U was plagued by technical problems and the replacement of the older radars may not yet be complete. A number of Air Defence Control Centres (ADCCs) are located behind the radar picket line. The radar picket line and the ADCC are separated by a layer of air defence weapons which are the first to engage the intruders. The backbone of the Indian Air Defence Ground Environment system is the huge THD-1955 3-D long-range surveillance radar that was once in widespread use throughout NATO. This radar, originally of French design, has been licence-built in India for a number of years. This E/F-band radar, though somewhat elderly, still offers sterling performance characteristics and is capable of maximum detection ranges of up to 620 miles (1,000km), though the Indian Air Force usually limits its power to a 250 miles (400km) detection range. These form the core of the ADCCs. The THD-1955 has a peak operating power of up to 20MW, though its normal operating power is usually 2MW. The radar has comprehensive ECM/ECCM capabilities and has no real detection altitude limitation. If the radar has one disadvantage, it is its sheer size. The Indian Air Force has undertaken to upgrade these radars with digital signal processing and clutter removal techniques. The ADGES communication system is also being updated by the digitalisation of the analogue links and back-up satellite and fibre-optic communications. The IAF uses extensive microwave communications systems and mobile digital troposcatter terminals. Like the ADGES, the BADZ consists of three layers. The first of these are the mobile observation posts, followed by a mixed layer of weapons and their associated radars, along with a picket line of low-level radars. These are, in turn, supported by anti-aircraft artillery batteries. This network is controlled by a ST68U radar, supported by other radars such as the TRS-2215D and the PSM-33. Low-level detection gaps are filled by the Indian-made Indra-1 radar which has a range of 30 miles (50km). The BADZ provides comprehensive and gapfree coverage over its assigned area of responsibility. Some observers have likened the BADZ set-up to the defence pattern of a carrier battle group. Any aircraft attacking a vital military target, therefore, not only has to get past the ADGES, but also the far more formidable BADZ. This has serious implications for the attacking force. India's air defences currently rely on a mix of MiG-21/-23/-29 and Mirage 2000 interceptors and 38 squadrons of surface-to-air missiles. The SAM units comprise 30 squadrons of SA-3b Pechoras (NATO code-name Goa) and four to eight squadrons of SA-8b Osa-AKM (NATO Gecko) systems which are deployed to protect key air bases as well as some major military/industrial centres. Though the SAMs are old, they have been updated periodically and, when operating as part of the BADZ, are deployed in such a manner as to minimize their shortcomings. In addition, a large number of L-40/70 radardirected 40mm anti-aircraft guns and manportable Igla-1M (SA-16 Gimlet) SAMs are deployed to provide a 'last-ditch' tier of 'hardkill' defences. It should be pointed out, however, that this system is geared up to the defence of point targets and not for overall area defence. It also lacks a viable capability against ballistic missiles. With this in mind, the Indian Air Force has begun a massive modernisation of its strategic air defences. Surface-to-air missiles and anti-aircraft guns The backbone of the Indian SAM network is the S-125 (SA-3b Goa) Pechora medium-range SAM. This missile is getting on in age, but has been successfully upgraded with new ECCM and new seeker heads to prolong its service life. The current SAM network is estimated to be equipped with up to 30 squadrons of Pechoras and four to eight squadrons of SA-8b Gecko. The Pechora has a range of around 15 miles (25km) and a ceiling of 59,055ft (18,000m), though it is possible that the upgrades may have increased the range to 20 miles (32km) and the ceiling to 65,600ft (20,000m). Moreover, the Low Blow radar associated with the system has been fitted with TV cameras with a 15-mile (24km) range (it is possible that these may be fitted with effective night-vision devices) enabling the system to engage targets in an intense ECM environment. It has been reported that India is seriously considering an offer by the Russians to upgrade the Pechoras even further - to Pechora-2 standard. The Pechora is due for replacement by the Indian Akash (Sky) SAM. This system has a range of 15 miles (24km) and a ceiling of 32,800-59,055ft (10-18km) and has significant growth potential. The Akash is controlled by a phased-array surveillance and target engagement radar - the Rajendra - and is capable of handling multiple (between 64 and 100) aerial targets at all altitudes and at ranges of up to 37 miles (60km). The Akash/Rajendra combination, both elements of which are mounted on a modified Russian BMP-1 chassis, was successfully tested at the end of September 1999. Like many Indian missiles, the Akash has had a turbulent development process owing to its sophistication. However, this is nearing its end and user trials of the system may be expected in a year or so. Rather surprisingly, it appears that at least a few V-75 (SA-2 Guideline) units are still fully operational and more can be reactivated from reserve stocks should the IAF ever require them. For shortrange defence, the IAF operates a few squadrons of SA-8b Gecko (Osa-AKM). This missile, with a range of 9 miles (15km) and a ceiling of 39,700ft (12km), defends several key air bases along the India/Pakistani border. Though the SA-8b is still a very viable missile system, a replacement is nearing service. The Trishul (Trident) missile, with a 5Y2-mile (9km) range and an extremely rapid reaction time, is on the verge of entering user trials and should, in the coming years, supplement and then replace the SA-8b. Last-ditch hard-kill defences are in the hands of a substantial number of Igla-1M (SA-16 Gimlet) man-portable SAMs and a large number of anti-aircraft artillery regiments from the Indian army operating licence-built Bofors 40mm L-40/70 anti-aircraft guns. The AA guns are radar directed by a mix of licence-made 'Flycatcher' and 'Super Fledermaus' and the indigenous 'PIW-519' radars. The 'Super Fledermaus', though ageing, has been extensively upgraded and now represents a very capable tracking radar with significant capability against difficult, low-flying targets such as cruise missiles. The upgraded radar has a range of 56 miles (90km) and is fitted with a new digital fire control computer. In addition, licence-built Dutch 'Reporter' radars are used for low-level target detection. This system has a range of 25 miles (40km) and can track up to 20 targets simultaneously. India is upgrading its flak batteries with improved electro-optical fire-control equipment such as laser rangefinders and thermal imagers. Airborne Early Warning India has, rather surprisingly, not made an offthe-shelf purchase of an AEW system, though the Ilyushin/Beriev A-50 Mainstay was reportedly offered. Instead, India has focussed its energies on developing its own AEW system based, initially, on the HS-748 airframe. The work, done by the Centre for Airborne Systems (CABS) has made very substantial progress in AEW active and passive detection systems and in data processing. The low-cost AEW system developed was able to produce the respectable performance of being able to detect 50 targets at ranges of 124-155 miles (200-250km). This is a remarkable feat given the very limited power generation capacity of the HS-748 airframe. One of the AEW prototypes was recently lost in a tragic accident just when CABS was ready to progress to a full-fledged system on an 11-76 Candid platform. This loss will further delay the programme by up to three years. Nevertheless, India has made significant progress towards fielding an AEW system based on indigenous technology and it is likely that an Indian AWACS may grace South Asia's skies within the next five to seven years. However, in mid-1999, Israel was requested to prepare a price quotation for the possible purchase of three Phalcon AEW systems. This system has a detection range of roughly 217-248 miles (350-400km) and can handle at least 200 targets simultaneously. The Russians promptly responded with an offer of three A-50s. Anti-Tactical Ballistic Missile Further to these developments, news began leaking out about the deployment from 1998 onwards of an Anti-Tactical Ballistic Missile (ATBM) screen. This system is to comprise the Russian S-300V (SA-10 Grumble) low to high altitude SAM and India's own 'Akash' missile, both of which have the potential for considerable ATBM capability. In March 1997, the Indian press confirmed these reports, stating that one S-300V squadron was being purchased, with more to come in the future. These would provide a comprehensive defence against ballistic missiles as well as manned aircraft coming in from either Pakistan or China. These 'ersatz' ATBMs may not be able to intercept all incoming missiles, but they would provide an additional layer of defence, although such a screen is unlikely to be fully operational within less than ten years. On the other hand, it is possible that India will opt to use S-300 technology to enhance its Akash missile in terms of range, speed and ceiling as well as missile detection, tracking and engagement. This would be more in line with India's desire to develop indigenous systems wherever possible, rather than rely on imports of weapons which may be compromised at a future date. Reports have also indicated that India has ordered two Elta M-2080 ballistic missile detection/tracking and engagement radars from Israel for delivery in 2001. This radar is associated with Israel's Arrow ATBM system. Army Air Defences The Indian Army also operates substantial numbers of mobile SAMS. The Corps of Air Defence Artillery (CADA) controls two huge SAM Groups - 501 and 502 - equipped with SA-6 Gainful (2K12E Kvadrat) mobile SAMS and several point defence SAM regiments that operate a mix of SA-8a/b Gecko (Osa-AK/M), SA-9 Gaskin (9K31 Strela-1) and SA-13 Gopher (9K35 Strela-10) systems. Sufficient Igla-1M (SA-16) systems exist to theoretically equip every infantry battalion. CADA also possesses several regiments of ZSU-23-4 Shilka and 2S6M Tanguska selfpropelled anti-aircraft guns - the Tanguska being also equipped with eight SA-19 Grison (9M311) SAMS. All of the Bofors L-40/70 regiments are, as mentioned before, operated by CADA - though some additional regiments may be operated by India's reserve Territorial Army. Five regiments operated towed ZU-23-2 AA guns, while hundreds of ageing 40mm Bofors L-40/60s are held in storage - though some have found their way into the Indian Navy and Coast Guard.


P-15 'Flatface' Radar of a SA-3, though its heavily use in mass for surveillance, The P-15 was designed to detect aircraft flying at low altitude, The P-15 uses two open frame elliptical parabolic antenna accomplishing both transmission and reception, each antenna being fed by a single antenna feed. The radar can rapidly shift its frequency to one of four pre-set frequencies to avoid active interference with passive interference being removed by a coherent doppler filter. Azimuth was determined by mechanical scanning with an associated accompanying PRV-11 (NATO reporting name "Side Net") used to determine elevation. A secondary radar for IFF is generally used in conjunction with the P-15,

Frequency UHF
Range 150 km
Altitude 3 km
Diameter 11 meters
Azimuth 360 degrees
Elevation 2-14 degrees
Precision 0.3 km range
Power 270 kW



It is a variant of INDRA radar for ground controlled interception of targets. The radar uses pulse compression for detection of low flying aircraft in heavy ground clutter with high range resolution and ECCM capabilities. The radar has been produced by Bharat Electronics Limited and is used by Indian Air Force and Army. Seven INDRA-IIs have been ordered by the Indian Air Force.

Features

* Fully coherent system
* Frequency agility
* Pulse compression
* Advanced signal processing using MTD and CFAR Techniques
* Track while scan for 2-D tracking
* Full tracking capabilities for manoeuvering targets
* Multicolour PPI Raster Scan Display, presenting both MTI and Synthetic Video
* Integral IFF
* Ease of transportation and fast deployment

System characteristics

* Range up to 90 km (for small sized fighter aircraft)
* Height coverage 35m to 3000m subject to Radar horizon
* Probability of detection : 90% (Single scan)
* Probability of false alarm: 10E-6
* Track While Scan (TWS) for 2D tracking
* Capability to handle 200 tracks
* Association of primary and secondary targets
* Automatic target data transmission to a digital modem/networking of radars
* Deployment time of about 60 minutes


The ST-68 'Tin Shield' Radar equip mobile 'TRU's or Transportable Radar Units in the Indian Air Force. The ST-68/U is known by NATO as the 'Tin Shield' radar and has a maximum range of some 350 km with a peak power output of 1.23MW, operating in the S/E/F bands. It is optimised for the detection of low-flying aircraft and cruise missiles

PSM-33 Mk.2 have surveillance ranges of up to 317 (510km) with a peak power output of 660-700kW operating in the E/F bands and possess a very significant ECCM capability.

The backbone of the Indian Air Defence Ground Environment system is the huge THD-1955 3-D long-range surveillance radar that was once in widespread use in NATO. This radar, originally of French design, has been license produced in India for a number of years. This THD-1955 E/F-band radar, though somewhat elderly, still has sterling performance characteristics and is capable of maximum detection ranges of up to 1000 km, though the Indian Air Force usually limits its power to a 400km detection range.
 

Kunal Biswas

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Interceptors!
Interceptors are second most important tool in Air-defense these aircraft which have longer range, High speed with long range BVRs!


The Air-crafts which fall under these categories are MIG-21, MIG-29 & SU-30MKI..
These all air-crafts are mach2 fighters and can carry R-77 BVRs which have the capability of reaching 100kms..

Weight 175 kg (R-77), 226 kg (R-77M1)
Length 3.6 m (R-77)
Diameter 200 mm
Warhead 22 kg [1] HE, fragmenting
Detonation
mechanism laser proximity fuze
Engine Solid fuel rocket motor (R-77), air-breathing ramjet (R-77M1)
Wingspan 350 mm
Operational
range Strongly varying according to source:
R-77:40 km (21.6 nm)[1] - 50 km (27 nm)[2]
R-77M1:60 km (32.4 nm)[1] - 80 km (43.2 nm)[3]
Flight altitude 5 m-25 km (16.5-82,000 ft)
Speed Mach 4.5 (R-77)
Guidance
system Inertial with mid-course update and terminal active radar homing


SU-30MKI






General characteristics

* Crew: 2
* Length: 21.935 m (72.97 ft)
* Wingspan: 14.7 m (48.2 ft)
* Height: 6.36 m (20.85 ft)
* Wing area: 62.0 m² (667 ft²)
* Empty weight: 18,400 kg[59] (40,565 lb)
* Loaded weight: 24,900 kg (54,895 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 38,800 kg (85,600 lb)
* Powerplant: 2× Lyulka AL-31FP turbofans with thrust vectoring, 131 kN with afterburner (27,557 lbf) each

Performance

* Maximum speed: Mach 1.9 (2,120 km/h, 1,317 mph)
* Range: 3,000 km (1,620 nmi) at altitude; (1,270 km, 690 nmi near ground level; with no external fuel tanks)
* Endurance: 3.75 hrs (up to 10 hrs with in-flight refueling)
* Service ceiling: 17,300 m (56,800 ft)
* Rate of climb: >230 m/s (>45,275 ft/min)
* Wing loading: 401 kg/m² (82.3 lb/ft²)
* Thrust/weight: 1.0

Armament

* Guns: 1 × GSh-30-1 gun (30 mm caliber, 150 rounds)

12 hardpoints: 2 × wing-tip AAM launch rails, 6 × pylons under-wing, 2 × pylon under-engine nacelle, and 2 × pylons in tandem in the "arch" between the engines. It can be increased to 14 using multiple ejector racks. It can carry up to 8 tonnes of external stores.

Air to Air Missiles:

* 10 × R-77 (AA-12) active radar homing medium range AAM, 100 km
* 10 × Astra missile active radar homing medium range AAM, 120 km
* 6 × R-27P (AA-10C) semi-active radar guided, long range AAM 130 km
* 6 × R-27P (AA-10D) Infrared homing extended range version, long range AAM 120 km
* 2 × R-27R/AA-10A semi-active radar guided, medium range AAM,80 km
* 2 × R-27T (AA-10B) infrared homing seeker, medium range AAM, 70 km
* 6 × R-73 (AA-11) short range AAM, 30 km
* 3 × Novator KS-172 AAM-L 400 km/Russian air-to-air missile designed as an "AWACS killer"

MIG-21 BISONS





The MiG-21 Bison is the most advanced variant with further improved avionics incl MFDs, HOTAS, RWRs and R-77 BVR Capability. The Bison was built upon the MiG-21 Bis variant

General characteristics

* Crew: 1
* Length: 14.5 (with pitot) m (47 ft 6.86 in)
* Wingspan: 7.154 m (23 ft 5.66 in)
* Height: 4.125 m (13 ft 6.41 in)
* Wing area: 23.0 m² (247.3 ft²)
* Gross weight: 8,825 kg (19,425 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Tumanskiy R25-300, 40.21 kN (9,040 lbf) thrust dry, 69.62 kN (15,650 lbf) with afterburner each

Performance

* Maximum speed: 2,350 km/h (1,468 mph)
* Maximum speed: Mach 1.9
* Range: (internal fuel) 1,210 km (751 miles)
* Service ceiling: 17,800 m (58,400 ft)
* Rate of climb: 225 m/s (44,280 ft/min)

Armament

* 1x internal 23 mm GSh-23 cannon, plus
* 2x R-27R1 or R-27T or 4x Vympel R-77 or 4x R-60M or R-73E AAM or
* 2x 500 kg (1,102 lbs) bombs

MIG-29



The MiG-29's good operational record prompted India to sign a deal with Russia in 2005—2006 to upgrade all of its MiG-29s for US$888 million. Under the deal, the Indian MiGs were modified to be capable of deploying the R-77RVV-AE (AA-12 'Adder') air-to-air missile, also known as the Amraamski. The missiles had been successfully tested in October 1998 and were integrated into IAF's MiG-29s.

General characteristics

* Crew: One
* Length: 17.37 m (57 ft)
* Wingspan: 11.4 m (37 ft 3 in)
* Height: 4.73 m (15 ft 6 in)
* Wing area: 38 m² (409 ft²)
* Empty weight: 11,000 kg (24,250 lb)
* Loaded weight: 16,800 kg (37,000 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 21,000 kg (46,300 lb)
* Powerplant: 2× Klimov RD-33 afterburning turbofans, 8,300 kgf (81.4 kN, 18,300 lbf) each

Performance

* Maximum speed: Mach 2.25 (2,400 km/h, 1,490 mph) At low altitude: Mach 1.25 (1,500 km/h, 930 mph)
* Range: 1,430 km (772 nmi, 888 mi) with maximum internal fuel[119]
* Ferry range: 2,100 km (1,800 mi) with 1 drop tank
* Service ceiling: 18,013 m (59,100 ft)
* Rate of climb: initial 330 m/s average 109 m/s 0-6000 m[120] (65,000 ft/min)
* Wing loading: 442 kg/m² (90.5 lb/ft²)
* Thrust/weight: 1.01

Armament

* 1 x 30 mm GSh-30-1 cannon with 150 rounds
* 7 Hard points: 6 x pylons under-wing, 1 x under fuselage
* Up to 3,500 kg (7,720 lb) of weapons including six air-to-air missiles — a mix of semi-active radar homing (SARH) and AA-8 "Aphid", AA-10 "Alamo", AA-11 "Archer", AA-12 "Adder", FAB 500-M62, FAB-1000, TN-100, ECM Pods, S-24, AS-12, AS-14
 
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smartindian

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The S-300 is a series of Russian long range surface-to-air missile systems produced by NPO Almaz, all based on the initial S-300P version. The S-300 system was developed to defend against aircraft and cruise missiles for the Soviet Air Defence Forces. Subsequent variations were developed to intercept ballistic missiles.

The S-300 system was first deployed by the Soviet Union in 1979, designed for the air defense of large industrial and administrative facilities, military bases, and control of airspace against enemy strike aircraft.

The project-managing developer of the S-300 is Russian Almaz corporation (government owned, aka "KB-1") which is currently a part of "Almaz-Antei" Air Defense Concern. S-300 uses missiles developed by MKB "Fakel" design bureau (a separate government corporation, aka "OKB-2").

The S-300 is regarded as one of the most potent anti-aircraft missile systems currently fielded[2]. Its radars have the ability to simultaneously track up to 100 targets while engaging up to 12. S-300 deployment time is five minutes.[3][dead link] The S-300 missiles are sealed rounds and require no maintenance over their lifetime. An evolved version of the S-300 system is the S-400 (NATO reporting name SA-21), entering service in 2004.

Contents [hide]
1 Variations and upgrades
1.1 S-300 system family tree
1.2 S-300P
1.2.1 Land-based S-300P (SA-10)
1.2.2 Sea-based S-300F (SA-N-6)
1.3 S-300V (SA-12)
1.4 S-300PMU-1/2 (SA-20)
1.5 S-400 (SA-21)
1.6 S-300VM (SA-X-23)
2 Operators and other versions
3 Former operators
4 Possible future operators
5 Combat history
6 Specifications
6.1 Radar
6.2 Missiles
7 References
8 External links


[edit] Variations and upgrades
Numerous versions have since emerged with different missiles, improved radars, better resistance to countermeasures, longer range and better capability against short-range ballistic missiles or targets flying at very low altitude. There are currently three main variations.

[edit] S-300 system family tree
S-300 Family



S-300V S-300P S-300F



S-300V1 S-300V2 S-300PT S-300PS Fort Rif



S-300VM S-300PT-1 S-300PM S-300PMU Fort-M Rif-M

Favorit-S

S-300VM1 S-300VM2 S-300PT-1A S-300PM1 S-300PMU1



Antey 2500 S-300PM2 S-300PMU2 Russian Version

Favorit Export Version

S-300VMD S-400


[edit] S-300P
[edit] Land-based S-300P (SA-10)

Two S-300-PM missile TEL and a 'Flap Lid' radarThe S-300P (transliterated from Russian С-300П, NATO reporting name SA-10 GRUMBLE) is the original version of the S-300 system which became operational in 1978.[1] In 1987 over 80 of these sites were active, mainly in the area around Moscow. The P suffix stand for PVO-Strany (country air defence system). An S-300PT unit consists of a 36D6 (NATO reporting name TIN SHIELD) surveillance radar, a 30N6 (FLAP LID) fire control system and 5P85-1 launch vehicles. The 5P85-1 vehicle is a semi-trailer truck. Usually a 76N6 (CLAM SHELL) low altitude detection radar is also a part of the unit.[4]

This system broke substantial new ground, including the use of a phased array radar and multiple engagements on the same Fire-control system (FCS). Nevertheless, it had some limitations. It took over one hour to set up this semi-mobile system for firing and the hot vertical launch method employed scorched the TEL.[5]

It was originally intended to fit the Track Via Missile (TVM) guidance system onto this model. However, the TVM system had problems tracking targets below 500 m. Rather than accept the limitation, the Soviets decided that the tracking of low altitude targets was a must and decided to use a pure command-guidance system until the TVM head was ready.[5] This allowed the minimum engagement altitude to be set at 25 m.

Improvements to the S-300P have resulted in several major subversions for both the internal and the export market. The S-300PT-1 and S-300PT-1A (SA-10b/c) are incremental upgrades of the original S300PT system. They introduce the 5V55KD missile and the cold launch method thereafter employed. Time to readiness was reduced to 30 minutes (broadly comparable to Patriot) and trajectory optimizations allowed the 5V55KD to reach a range of 75 km.[5]

The S-300PS/S-300PM (Russian C-300ПC/C-300ПМ, NATO reporting name SA-10d/e) was introduced in 1985 and is the only version thought to have been fitted with a nuclear warhead. This model saw the introduction of the modern TEL and mobile radar and command-post vehicles that were all based on the MAZ-7910 8x8 truck.[1] This model also featured the new 5V55R missiles which increased maximum engagement range to 90 km (56 mi) and introduced a terminal semi-active radar homing (SARH) guidance mode. The surveillance radar of these systems was designated 30N6. Also introduced with this version was the distinction between self propelled and towed TELs. The towed TEL is designated 5P85T. Mobile TELs were the 5P85S and 5P85D. The 5P85D was a "slave" TEL, being controlled by a 5P85S "master" TEL. The "master" TEL is identifiable thanks to the large equipment container behind the cabin; in the "slave" TEL this area is not enclosed and is used for cable or spare tyre storage.


A side-on close-up, ready to launch. Photo from Field Artillery Magazine.The next modernisation, called the S-300PMU (Russian C-300ПМУ, US DoD designation SA-10f) was introduced in 1992 for the export market and featured the upgraded 5V55U missile which still utilised the intermediate SARH terminal guidance method and smaller warhead of the 5V55R but increased the engagement envelope to give this missile roughly the same range and altitude capabilities as the newer 48N6 missile (max. range 150 km/93 mi). The radars were also upgraded, with the surveillance radar for the S-300PMU being designated 64N6 (BIG BIRD) and the illumination and guidance radar being designated 30N6-1 in the GRAU index.[6]

[edit] Sea-based S-300F (SA-N-6)

Close up view of SA-N-6 launchers on Marshal Ustinov.The S-300F Fort (Russian C-300Ф Форт, DoD designation SA-N-6, F suffix for Flot, Russian for fleet) was introduced in 1984 as the original ship-based (naval) version of the S-300P system developed by Altair with the new 5V55RM missile with range extended to 7–90 km (4-56 mi, equal to 3.8-50 nautical miles) and maximum target speed up to Mach 4 while engagement altitude was reduced to 25-25,000 m (100-82,000 ft). The naval version utilises the TOP SAIL or TOP STEER, TOP PAIR and 3R41 Volna (TOP DOME) radar and utilises command guidance with a terminal semi-active radar homing (SARH) mode. Its first installation and sea trials were on a Kara class cruiser and it is also installed on Slava class cruisers and Kirov class battlecruisers. It is stored in eight (Slava) or twelve (Kirov) 8-missile rotary launchers below decks. The export version of this system is known as Rif (Russian Риф — reef).

The S-300FM Fort-M (Russian C-300ФМ, DoD designation SA-N-20) is another naval version of the system, installed only on the Kirov class cruiser RFS Pyotr Velikiy, and introduced the new 48N6 missile. It was introduced in 1990 and increased missile speed to approximately Mach 6 for a maximum target engagement speed of up to Mach 8.5, increased the warhead size to 150 kg (330 lb) and increased the maximum engagement range yet again to 5–150 km (3-93 mi) as well as opening the altitude envelope to 10m-27 km (33–88500 ft). The new missiles also introduced the ultimate track-via-missile guidance method and brought with it the ability to intercept short-range ballistic missiles. This system makes use of the TOMB STONE MOD rather than TOP DOME radar. The export version is called the Rif-M. Two Rif-M systems were purchased by China in 2002 and installed on the Type 051C air-defence guided missile destroyers.

Both naval versions are believed to include a secondary infrared terminal seeker, similar to the newer US Standard missile system, probably to reduce the system's vulnerability to saturation. This also allows the missile to engage contacts over the radar horizon, such as warships or sea-skimming anti-ship missiles.

[edit] S-300V (SA-12)

S-300V (SA-12a Gladiator)The 9K81 S-300V Antey-300 (Russian 9К81 С-300В Антей-300 - named after Antaeus, NATO reporting name SA-12 Gladiator/Giant) is a bit different from the other versions. It was built by Antey as opposed to Almaz.[7] The V suffix stands for Voyska (ground forces). It was designed to act as the top tier army air defence system, providing a defence against ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and aircraft, replacing the SA-4 'Ganef'. The "GLADIATOR" missiles have a maximum engagement range of around 75 km (47 miles) while the "GIANT" missiles can engage targets out to 100 km (62 miles) and up to altitudes of around 32 km (100,000 ft). In both cases the warhead is around 150 kg (331 lb).

While it was created from the same project (hence the common S-300 designation) different priorities resulted in a design quite different from the other versions. The S-300V system is carried on tracked MT-T transporters, which gives it better cross-country mobility than even the S-300Ps on 8x8 wheeled transporters. It is also somewhat more distributed than the S-300P's. For example, while both have mechanically-scanned radar for target acquisition (9S15 BILL BOARD A), the battery level 9S32 GRILL PAN has autonomous search ability and SARH delegated to illumination radar on TELARs. The early 30N6 FLAP LID on the S-300P handles tracking and illumination, but is not equipped with autonomous search (later upgraded).


SA-12 high altitude surface-to-air missile systemsThe S-300V places a greater emphasis on ABM, with the dedicated 9M83 (SA-12B Giant). This missile is larger and only two can be held on each TELAR. It also has a dedicated ABM radar - the 9S19 HIGH SCREEN phased array radar at battalion level. A typical S-300V battalion is made up out of a target detection and designation unit, a guidance radar and up to 6 TELARs. The detection and designation unit consists of the 9S457-1 command post, a 9S15MV or 9S15MT BILL BOARD all-round surveillance radar and 9S19M2 HIGH SCREEN sector surveillance radar.[8] The S-300V uses the 9S32-1 GRILL PAN multi-channel guidance radar. Four types of TELARs can be used with the system. The 9A83-1 which holds 4 9M83 GLADIATOR missiles and the 9A82 which holds 2 9M82 GIANT missiles are pure launchers, while the 9A84 (4× 9M83 GLADIATOR missile) and 9A85 (2× 9M82 GIANT missile) are loaders/launchers.

S-300V system may be controlled by a upper level command post system 9S52 Polyana-D4 integrating it with Buk missile system into a brigade.

[edit] S-300PMU-1/2 (SA-20)

S-300PMU-2 64N6E2 acquisition radar (part of 83M6E2 command post)The S-300PMU-1 (Russian C-300ПМУ-1,US DoD designation SA-20A, NATO reporting name SA-20 GARGOYLE) was also introduced in 1992 with the new and larger 48N6 missiles for the first time in a land-based system and introduced all the same performance improvements from the S300FM version including the increased speed, range, TVM guidance and ABM capability.[9] The warhead is slightly smaller than the naval version at 143 kg (315 lb). This version also saw the introduction of the new and more capable 30N6E TOMB STONE radar.

The S-300PMU-1 was introduced in 1999 and for the first time introduces several different kinds of missiles in a single system. In addition to the 5V55R, 48N6E and 48N6E2 missiles the S-300PMU-1 can utilise two new missiles, the 9M96E1 and 9M96E2. Both are significantly smaller than the previous missiles at 330 and 420 kg (728 and 926 lb respectively) and carry smaller 24 kg (53 lb) warhead. The 9M96E1 has an engagement range of 1–40 km (1-25 mi) and the 9M96E2 of 1–120 km (1-75 mi). They are still carried 4 per TEL. Rather than just relying on aerodynamic fins for manoeuvring, they use a gas-dynamic system which allows them to have an excellent probability of kill (Pk) despite the much smaller warhead. The Pk is estimated at 0.7 against a tactical ballistic missile for either missile. The S-300PMU-1 typically uses the 83M6E command and control system, although it is also compatible with the older Baikal-1E and Senezh-M1E CCS command and control systems. The 83M6E system incorporates the 64N6E (BIG BIRD) surveillance/detection radar. The fire control/illumination and guidance radar used is the 30N6E(1), optionally matched with a 76N6 low altitude detection radar and a 96L6E all altitude detection radar. The 83M6E command and control system can control up to 12 TELs, both the self propelled 5P85SE vehicle and the 5P85TE towed launchers. Generally support vehicles are also included, such as the 40V6M tow vehicle, intended for lifting of the antenna post.[10]


S-300PMU-2 vehicles. From left to right: 64N6E2 detection radar, 54K6E2 command post and 5P85 TEL.The S-300PMU-2 Favorite (Russian C-300ПМУ-2 Фаворит – Favourite, DoD designation SA-20B), introduced in 1997, is an upgrade to the S-300PMU-1 with range extended once again to 195 km (121 mi) with the introduction of the 48N6E2 missile. This system is apparently capable against not just short range ballistic missiles, but now also medium range tactical ballistic missiles. It uses the 83M6E2 command and control system, consisting of the 54K6E2 command post vehicle and the 64N6E2 surveillance/detection radar. It employs the 30N6E2 fire control/illumination and guidance radar. Like the S-300PMU-1, 12 TELs can be controlled, with any mix of 5P85SE2 self propelled and 5P85TE2 trailer launchers. Optionally it can make use of the 96L6E all altitude detection radar and 76N6 low altitude detection radar, just like the S-300PMU-1.[3]

[edit] S-400 (SA-21)
Main article: S-400
The S-400 Triumf (Russian С-400 «Триумф», formerly known as the S-300PMU-3/C-300ПМУ-3, NATO reporting name SA-21 GROWLER) was introduced in 1999 and features a new, much larger missile with 2 per TEL. The project has been encountering delays since its original announcement and deployment has only begun on a small scale in 2006. With an engagement range of up to 400 km (250 mi), depending on the missile variant used, and claimed to be able to detect stealth targets it is by far the most advanced version.[11][dead link] Little else is known about this version.

[edit] S-300VM (SA-X-23)
Main article: S-300VM
The S-300VM (Antey 2500) is an upgrade to the S-300V. It consists of a new command post vehicle, the 9S457ME and a selection of new radars. As all-round surveillance radar the 9S15M2, 9S15MT2E or 9S15MV2E are possible, and the sector surveillance radar was upgraded to 9S19ME. The upgraded guidance radar has Grau index 9S32ME. The system can still employ up to 6 TELARs, the 9A84ME launchers (up to 4 × 9M83ME missile) and up to 6 launcher/loader vehicles assigned to each launcher (2 × 9M83ME missile each).

[edit] Operators and other versions

Producers and users of the S-300 and its main competitor MIM-104 PatriotThe S-300 is mainly used in Eastern Europe and Asia although sources are inconsistent about the exact countries possessing the system.[12]

Armenia Deployed in Armenia by Russia in 102nd Military Base[13][14]
Belarus - S-300PS systems delivered from Russia in 2007 to replace older S-300 model in Belarussian inventory,Older S-300V sold to Turkey for testing and using on Anatolian Eagle exercises.
Bulgaria has ten S-300 launchers, divided into two units with five launchers each.[15]
People's Republic of China: China has bought the S-300PMU-1 and are licensed to manufacture it under the name Hongqi-10 (HQ-10). China is also the first customer of S-300PMU-2 and may be using the S-300V under the name Hongqi HQ-18.[16] China also built an upgraded version of the HQ-10 labelled the HQ-15 with the maximum range upgraded from 150 km (93 mi) to 200 km (124 mi). There are unconfirmed reports that claim this version is the Chinese manufactured S-300PMU-2.[17][18] The total number of the S-300PMU/1/2 and HQ-15/18 batteries in PLA are approximately 40 and 60 respectively, in the year 2008. The total number of the missiles is well above 1,600, with about 300 launcher platforms.[18] Five such SAM battalions are deployed and in active duty around Beijing region, six battalions in Taiwan strait region and rest battalions in other major cities like Shanghai, Chengdu and Dalian. Two Rif (SA-N-6) systems were purchased in 2002 for the Chinese Navy for the Type 051C Destroyers.
Cyprus & Greece: Cyprus signed an agreement to buy S-300 systems in 1996. Eventually bought the S-300PMU-1 version, but due to political tension between Cyprus and Turkey and intense Turkish pressure, the system was transferred to the Greek Island of Crete. Later, Cyprus acquired the Tor-M1 system and the Buk-M1 system. Finally, on 19/12/07 the missiles passed officially to Greek government in return for more Tor-M1 systems and Buk-M1 systems.[15]
India has bought six S-300 batteries in August 1995 for $1 billion, probably the S-300PMU-2 version, believed to consist of 48 missiles per system. These will most likely be used in the short-range ballistic-missile defence (BMD) role against Pakistan's M-11 missiles.[19]
Iran 's status regarding the S-300 system remains controversial. They seem to have acquired an unknown number of S-300PMU-1 missiles in 1993, maybe even 300 recently from Belarus.[20] Iran claimed to have signed a contract with Russia on 25 December 2007 on the sales of the S-300PMU-2 missile system.[21] Russian officials have denied this.[22] According to senior Israeli defence sources Iran is to receive S-300s by 2009, deliveries will take place from September until begin 2009.[23][24][25] It has also been claimed that Croatia sold their S-300s to Iran.[26] Later, another claim was made saying Libya transferred S-300s to Iran.[27]. On December 21, according to a senior Iranian lawmaker, Russia has started the supply of components for S-300 air defense systems to Iran. Esmaeil Kosari, deputy chairman of the parliamentary commission on national security and foreign policy, told the Iranian news agency IRNA that Iran and Russia had held negotiations for several years on the purchase of S-300 air defense systems and had finalized a deal. Kosari said the Islamic Republic would deploy S-300 surface-to-air missile systems to strengthen national defense on border areas.[28] On 28 October 2009, When asked when Russia would deliver the systems to Iran, Ivanov said: "There have been no such deliveries to date."[29] Yet on 23 December 2009, Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Alexei Borodavkin said Russia sees no reason to cancel a deal to provide S-300s to Iran. He said ""Exports of such weapons is subject to no UN treaty or other bilateral agreements, This is why we see no essential reason to make any change in the deal," indicating that there is a deal.[30]
Kazakhstan
Serbia Serbia bought 6-10 s-300PMU prior to 1999 NATO bombing campaign. At the time 20 misilles were delivered but without Clam Shell radar unit.[31]
Slovakia - Inherited from Czechoslovakia. Slovakian proposal to equip another battalion in mid '90 was canceled.
Syria announced an intention to buy the S-300P in 1991 and now seems to possess the system.[12][20]
Russia: Has used all of the S-300 variations. The Russian Air Defense Forces, which are part of the Air Force, currently deploy more than 30 regiments equipped with S-300 missile complexes, which are gradually being replaced with S-400 systems.[32] More than 20 Russian battalions will be equipped with S-400 anti-missile systems by 2015 said General of the Army Yury Baluyevsky, Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.[33]
Ukraine - S-300PS, S-300PMU, S-300V and others.[34]
United States has bought an S-300V system for evaluation, to aid upgrading US Patriot missile systems.
Venezuela Venezuela has ordered S-300VM "Antey-2500" to equip 12 Regiments. Deleveries are expected to be completed by 2010-2011.[35]
Vietnam has bought two S-300PMU-1 batteries (12 launchers) for nearly $300 million.[36]
[edit] Former operators
Croatia: Croatia no longer maintains an S-300 system. It was acquired from Ukraine or Belarus in 1995 and was never in operational state, but served the role of a psychological weapon. After much controversy, as of 2004 the system is no longer in Croatia and was presumably sold.
Czechoslovakia - One battalion created in 1985. Passed on to Slovakia in 1992.
East Germany
Soviet Union
[edit] Possible future operators
Venezuela Venezuelan government has recently confirmed a contract with the Russian government to buy one S-300 missile system.[37]
Libya - 4 S-300PMU-2 systems will be ordered
Indonesia - Indonesian air force has shown interest of acquiring several S-300PMU-2 systems
Algeria - 8 S-300PMU2 was ordered in 2006.
Saudi Arabia - Saudi Arabia is in talks to purchase the newest system S-400.[38]
[edit] Combat history
Although none of the S-300 versions have ever fired a missile in a real conflict, it is considered a very capable SAM system. In April 2005, NATO had a combat exercise in France and Germany called Trial Hammer 05 to practice SEAD missions.[6] Participating countries were pleased that the Slovak Air Force brought a S-300PMU along, providing a unique opportunity for NATO to get familiar with the system.

Israel has sought F-35 Lightning II fighters to nullify the threat of S-300 missiles being provided to Iran.[39][40]

[edit] Specifications
Missiles are guided by the 30N6 FLAP LID or naval 3R41 Volna (TOP DOME) radar using command guidance with terminal semi-active radar homing. Later versions use the 30N6 FLAP LID B or TOMB STONE radar to guide the missiles via command guidance/seeker-aided ground guidance (SAGG). SAGG is similar to the Patriot's TVM guidance scheme. The earlier 30N6 FLAP LID A can guide up to four missiles at a time to up to four targets, and can track up to 24 targets at once. The 30N6E FLAP LID B can guide up to two missiles per target to up to six targets simultaneously. Targets flying at up to Mach 2.5 can be successfully engaged or around Mach 8.5 for later models. One missile can be launched every three seconds. The mobile control centre is able to manage up to 12 TELs simultaneously.

The original warhead weighed 100 kg (220 lb), intermediate warheads weighed 133 kg (293 lb) and the latest warhead weighs 143 kg (315 lb). All are equipped with a proximity fuze and contact fuze. The missiles themselves weigh between 1,450 kg (3,200 lb) and 1,800 kg (3,970 lb). Missiles are catapulted clear of the launching tubes before their rocket motor fires, which can accelerate at up to 100 g (1 km/s²). They launch straight upwards and then tip over towards their target, removing the need to aim the missiles before launch. The missiles are steered with a combination of control fins and through thrust vectoring vanes. The sections below give exact specifications of the radar and missiles in the different S-300 versions. It should be noted that since the S-300PM most vehicles are interchangeable across variations.

[edit] Radar
The 30N6 FLAP LID A is mounted on a small trailer. The 64N6 BIG BIRD is mounted on a large trailer along with a generator and typically towed with the now familiar 8-wheeled truck. The 76N6 CLAM SHELL is mounted on a large trailer with a mast which is between 24 and 39 m (79 and 128 ft) tall.

The original S-300P utilises a combination of the 76N6 CLAM SHELL continuous-wave doppler radar for target acquisition and the 30N6 FLAP LID A I/J-band phased array digitally steered tracking and engagement radar. Both are mounted on trailers. In addition there is a trailer-mounted command centre and up to twelve trailer-mounted erector/launchers with four missiles each. The S-300PS/PM is similar but uses an upgraded 30N6 tracking and engagement radar with the command post integrated and has truck-mounted TELs.

If employed in an anti-ballistic missile or anti-cruise missile role, the 64N6 BIG BIRD E/F-band radar would also be included with the battery. It is capable of detecting ballistic missile class targets up to 1000 km (620 mi) away travelling at up to 10000 km/h (6200 mph) and cruise missile class targets up to 300 km (185 mi) away. It also employs electronic beam steering and performs a scan once every twelve seconds.

The 36D6 TIN SHIELD radar can also be used to augment the S-300 system to provide earlier target detection than the FLAP LID radar allows. It can detect a missile-sized target flying at an altitude of 60 meters (200 ft) at least 20 km (12.5 mi) away, at an altitude of 100 meters (330 ft) at least 30 km (19 mi) away, and at high altitude up to 175 km (108 mi) away. In addition a 64N6 BIG BIRD E/F band target acquisition radar can be used which has a maximum detection range of 300 km (186 mi).

The S-300 FC Radar Flap Lid can be mounted on a standard pylon.

Surveillance radar GRAU index NATO reporting name Specialisation Target detection range Simultaneously detected targets NATO frequency band First used with Notes
36D6 TIN SHIELD - 180–360 km (112-224mile) 120 E/F S-300P Industrial designation: ST-68UM
350 kW to 1.23 MW signal strength
76N6 CLAM SHELL Low altitude detection I S-300P
76N6 CLAM SHELL Low altitude detection 120 km (75mile) 300 I S-300PMU 1.4 kW FM continuous wave
64N6 BIG BIRD - 300 km (186mile) C S-300PMU-1
96L6E CHEESE BOARD All altitude detection 300 km (186mile) 300 S-300PMU-1
9S15 BILL BOARD - 250 km (155mile) 200 S-300V
9S19 HIGH SCREEN Sector tracking 16 S-300V
MR-75[41] TOP STEER Naval 300 km (186mile) D/E S-300F
MR-800 Voskhod[41] TOP PAIR Naval 200 km (124mile) C/D/E/F S-300F
Target tracking/missile guidance GRAU index NATO reporting name NATO frequency band Target detection range Simultaneously tracked targets Simultaneously engaged targets First used with Notes
30N6 FLAP LID A I/J 4 4 S-300P
30N6E(1) FLAP LID B H-J 200 km (124mile) 12 6 S-300PMU Phased array
30N6E2 FLAP LID B I/J 200 km (124mile) 72 36 S-300PMU-2
9S32-1 GRILL PAN Multi-band 140–150 km (90mile) 12 6 S-300V
3R41 Volna TOP DOME I/J 100 km (62mile) S-300F

[edit] Missiles

two types of missiles for the Russian SA-20 anti-air complexMissile specifications GRAU index Year Range Maximum velocity Length Diameter Weight Warhead Guidance First used with
5V55K/KD 1978 47 km (29mile) 1,700m/s (3,800 mph) 7 m (23 ft) 450mm 1,450 kg (3,200 lb) 100 kg (220 lb) Command
5V55R/RM 1984 90 km (56mile) 1,700m/s (3,800 mph) 7 m (23 ft) 450mm 1,450 kg (3,200 lb) 133 kg (293 lb) SARH
5V55U 1992 150 km (93mile) 2,000m/s (4,470 mph) 7 m (23 ft) 450mm 1,470 kg (3,240 lb) 133 kg (293 lb) SARH
48N6/E 1992 150 km (93mile) 2,000m/s (4,470 mph) 7.5 m (25 ft) 500mm 1,780 kg (3,920 lb) ~150 kg (~330 lb) TVM
48N6E2 1992 195 km (121mile) 2,000m/s (4,470 mph) 7.5 m (25 ft) 500mm 1,800 kg (3,970 lb) 150 kg (330 lb) TVM
9M82 1984 40 km (25mile) 2,500m/s (5,600 mph) 150 kg (330 lb) SARH by TELAR S-300V
9M83 1984 100 km (60mile) 1,800m/s (4,030 mph) 420 kg (926 lb) 150 kg (330 lb) SARH by TELAR S-300V
9M83ME 1990 200 km (120mile) SARH by TELAR S-300VM
9M96E1 1999 40 km (25mile) 900m/s[42] (2,010 mph) 330 kg (728 lb) 24 kg (53 lb) Active Radar Homing S-400
9M96E2 1999 120 km (75mile) 1,000m/s[42] (2,240 mph) 420 kg (926 lb) 24 kg (53 lb) Active Radar Homing S-400
40N6[42] 2000 400 km (250mile) Active Radar Homing S-400

[edit] References
^ a b c "Almaz/Antei Concern of Air Defence S-300P (NATO SA-10 'Grumble') family of low to high-altitude surface-to-air missile systems". Jane's. 2008-01-16. Jane's Login. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
^ "Big Russian flotilla led by Admiral Kuznetsov carrier heads for Syrian port". DEBKAfile. 21 August 2008. http://www.debka.com/headline.php?hid=5526. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
^ a b "Almaz Scientific Industrial Corporation - "FAVORIT S-300 PMU2 SURFACE-TO-AIR MISSILE SYSTEM"". http://www.raspletin.ru/eng/lists/favorit.html. Retrieved 2006-06-23.
^ "Encyclopedia Astronautica - "S-300"". S-300. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^ a b c German: http://www.dtig.org/docs/sa-10.pdf
^ a b Miroslav Gyürösi (11 March 2005). "Slovak SA-10 radar set to participate in NATO exercise" ([dead link] – Scholar search). Jane's Missiles and Rockets. ISSN 1365-4187. http://www.janes.com/press/articles/pc050317_1.shtml. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
^ "S-300V/Antey 2500 (SA-12 'Gladiator/Giant')". Jane's. 2008-02-13. Jane's Login. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
^ "Federation of American Scientists - "S-300V SA-12A Gladiator and SA-12B Giant - Russia/Soviet Nuclear Forces"". S-300V SA-12A GLADIATOR and SA-12B GIANT - Russia / Soviet Nuclear Forces. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^ "S-300/Favorit (SA-10 'Grumble'/SA-20 'Gargoyle')". Jane's. 2008-02-08. Jane's Login. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
^ "Rosoboronexport's customer information catalogue for air defence equipment. Click S-300 at the top of the list on the second page." (PDF). http://www.rusarm.ru/p_prod/tmp_prob...cataloque.html. Retrieved 2006-06-25. [dead link]
^ "New family of Russian missiles will create major problems for air-strike planning in years to come, says leading defence expert". Jane's. 2000-03-08. http://www.janes.com/press/pc000308.shtml. Retrieved 2006-07-25.
^ a b "Center for Nonproliferation Studies - "The Russian S-300PMU-1 TMD System"". http://cns.miis.edu/research/cyprus/s300tdms.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^ Russia has officially admitted that its sophisticated S-300 air-defense missiles are being deployed in Armenia to upgrade the weaponry of its military base and ward off "threats from Turkey," Snark news agency reported on Thursday quoting Russian officials.
^ Arménie, notre amie...
^ a b "Balkananalysis.com - "Balkan Defense Overview: Developments and Prospects "". Balkanalysis.com Balkan Defense Overview: Developments and Prospects. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^ "MissileThreat - "Hongqi-10 (HQ-10)"". MissileThreat ::. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^ "MissileThreat - "Hongqi-15 (HQ-15)"". MissileThreat ::. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^ a b "Sino Defence Today - "S-300 (SA-10) Surface-to-Air Missile"". S-300PMU (SA-10) Air Defence Missile System - SinoDefence.com. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^ "Federation of American Scientists - "S-300PMU SA-10 Grumble"". S-300PMU SA-10 GRUMBLE - Russia / Soviet Nuclear Forces. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^ a b "MissileThreat - "S-300P (SA-10 Grumble)"". MissileThreat :: S-300P (SA-10 Grumble). Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^ Fars News Russia to Deliver S-300 Missile System to Iran 26 December 2007
^ CNN.com [1] 28 December 2007
^ Reuters Iran to get new Russian air defences by '09 -Israel 23 July 2008
^ Presstv 'Iran to be equipped with S-300 by 09' 23 July 2008
^ "BBC News- "Iran and Washington's Israeli option"". 2008-08-28. BBC NEWS | Middle East | America's Israeli option on Iran. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
^ Croatia Suspected of Selling S-300 Antiaircraft Missiles to Iran - Kommersant Moscow
^ Libya Said To Transfer S-300 To Iran, October 28, 2008
^ Russia starts S-300 missile supplies to Iran - Iranian MP | Top Russian news and analysis online | 'RIA Novosti' newswire
^ To date, Russia has not supplied S-300 SAM systems to Iran
^ Press TV Russia: No reason to cancel S-300 deal with Iran, 23 Dec 2009
^ The lessons and non-lessons of the air and missile campaign in Kosovo Аутор: Anthony H. Cordesman, page 350
^ S-400 system deployment postponed - Russian AF commander -1
^ Russia to equip 20 battalions with S-400 air defense systems -1
^ Ukraine - Air Force Equipment
^ Venezuela to build strong air defenses with Russian aid | Top Russian news and analysis online | 'RIA Novosti' newswire
^ "Asia Times - "Russian missiles to guard sky over Vietnam"". Asia Times - Russian missiles to guard skies over Vietnam. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
^ Chavez in $2bn Russian arms deal
^ S-300 missile deliveries to Iran under review — Russian official
^ Israel 'close to deal on F-35'
^ Israel orders U.S. stealth planes to counter Iran, Syria threat
^ a b Not a GRAU index. GRAU indices only apply to land-based versions.

http://www.dtig.org/docs/sa-21.pdf[/hide]
 

smartindian

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A List of SAMs in The Indian Arsenal ::

1. S-125 Neva/Pechora Status : Operational

2. Akash Missile Status : Ordered, Induction

3. S-300 pmu Status : Operational

4. SPYDER SAM Status : Under Purchase

5. PAD and AAD Status : Under Testing, Induction of 2000 Km Missile Defence system by 2012.

6. Barak-8 /MR-SAM Program Status : Under Development

7. MBDA Maitri SAM Status : Under development

Future Options :

1. India has been offered the deadly S-400 and Patriot SAMs.

2. India is Possibly developing MR SAM with Israel

3. India is also visualizing to develop s Land based SAM , Basd on the Successful Astra BVR Missile

i collecting data regarding this missiles, i will post it in near future. if somebody have any data please post it
 

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