Indian Army for better frontline infrastructure

Kunal Biswas

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Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

All About Bunkers..
 

Kunal Biswas

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

Firstly I will introduce, Different Concept of Military Bunkers..

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Prefabricated Fighting and Command Post Bunkers (Semipermanent Construction)

CONCRETE LOG BUNKER

Description. The concrete log bunker is a 4-man fighting bunker, 2-3 meters (7 ft, 6 in) square and 1.8 meters (6 ft) high. The bunker is constructed of 90 precast reinforced concrete logs 15 cm (6 in) wide by 20 cm (8 in) deep of various lengths (.6, .9, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 meters (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ft)) that weigh approximately 164 pounds per meter (50 lb per ft). The bottom of the bunker is set 102 cm (3 ft, 4 in) below the ground surface. The roof is made by placing 3 meter (10 ft)-long concrete logs side by side and pinning them together to make a 20 cm (8 in) -thick roof with 30 cm (1 ft) overhang on all sides. The bunker has a 20 by 45 cm (8- by 18-in.) firing port on each of the four sides; the bottom of each firing port is 1.2 meters (4 ft) above the floor level. The logs are joined together with steel pins, 1.9 cm (3/4 in.) in diameter, which are dropped through holes, 3.8 cm (1 1/2 in.) in diameter, alined at 30 cm (1 ft) intervals and cast in the logs. Normal entrance/exit is by means of .9 meter (3 ft) and 1.2 meter (4 ft) diameter corrugated metal pipe (CMP), and an emergency exit is provided by means of two removable logs at the rear face firing port.


Canadian troops inspect a captured German gun position near Lens, France in September 1917


Forming, steel placement, and casting. The concrete logs are precast in a staging area and transported to the emplacement site. The forms are constructed in the field on a 3.6 by 4.8 meter (12- by 16-ft) casting bed which permits casting of numerous logs of various lengths at one time. The concrete is mixed, poured, vibrated, and cured in accordance with standard procedures. Two to five days' moist cure is required before the precast logs can be moved safely.

Transportation. Movement of the precast concrete logs to the emplacement site is accomplished by truck, trailer, or helicopter.

Site preparation. Location of the fighting bunker is determined by the tactical commander. The design depth o excavation is 2.54 meters (8 ft, 4 in.), including 102 cm (3 ft, 4 in.); below grade for bunker floor and 1.5 meters (5 ft) below bunker floor for the entrance; however, the elevation to which the ground water table can be expected to rise during the wet season may require a field modification of this design depth. The emergency exit, located above the normal ground level, allows siting of this bunker in locations where the normal entrance may be subject to temporary flooding. Excavation is accomplished by combat support earthmoving equipment or by hand digging.

Emplacement. The concrete log fighting bunker can be assembled by six men in 1 hour after the site is prepared and the CMP entrance structure is in place. For poor soils, a footing will be required for this structure to prevent excessive settlement. Cushion, waterproofing, and burster layers, retained with sandbags, are placed on the roof to develop capability to withstand a direct hit from the equivalent of an 82-mm mortar round. Steel mesh grenade gratings are hinged over the firing ports. Standoff screening against AT rockets, fields of fire, communications, camouflage, firing shelves, and bunks should be provided as required. The modular design of the basic concrete logs permits a wide variety of original designs to suit specific requirements. This flexibility of design may be exploited by testing different arrangements using either full scale or model logs.
 

Kunal Biswas

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

CONCRETE ARCH BUNKER

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Description. The concrete arch bunker is a four-man fighting bunker, semi-circular in plan, 3.6 meters (12 ft) wide at the rear by 2.25 meters (7 ft, 6 in.) deep at centerline of the arch width by 1.8 meters (6 ft.) inside height. The bunker consists of three precast reinforced concrete components: a 1.8 meter (6 ft.)-high arch section, a rectangular back wall section, and a semi-circular roof section. Each of the sections is 15 cm (6 in.) thick and reinforced with No. 4 1.25 cm (0.5-in. diameter) steel rebars. The arch section has a 1.8 meter (6-ft) interior radius plus a 45 cm (1 ft, 6 in.) horizontal extension. The roof section overhangs the arch section providing a 45 cm (18-in.)-wide shield. The back wall section and the roof section each have a 20 cm (8-in.)-thick by 45 cm (18-in.)-wide bulkhead beam. The arch section has four 20- by 45-cm (8- by 18-in.) firing ports, and the back wall has one 20- by 45-cm (8- by 18-in.) firing port and a 20- by 75-cm (8- by 30-in.) emergency exit which can be used for a quick exit or grenade throwing.





Back wall section and roof section. Forms for casting the back wall and roof are built at the prefabrication site using conventional wood forms. Reinforcing steel details are as described for the WES concrete arch. The bulkhead beams for the roof and back wall sections are reinforced with two No. 5 bars placed with 5 cm (2 in.) of concrete cover from the outside edges of the beam.

Transportation. Movement of the three precast sections is accomplished by truck, trailer, or helicopter.

Site preparation. Location of the concrete arch fighting bunker is determined by the tactical commander. The design depth of excavation 2.5 meters (5 ft 4 in.) including 1 meter (3 ft, 4 in.) below-grade for the bunker floor and 1.5 meters (5 ft) below the bunker floor for the entrance; however, the elevation to which the ground water table can be expected to rise during the wet season may require a field modification of this depth. The emergency exit, located at the firing port level, allows siting of the arch fighting bunker where the deep entrance may be subject to temporary flooding. Excavation is accomplished by combat support earthmoving equipment or by hand labor.

Emplacement. The three sections of the arch fighting bunker can be employed by six men and one heavy crane in one hour after site is prepared and the CMP entrance structure is in place. The rough terrain cane which is available in the combat engineer battalion can be used effectively for emplacement especially for positioning of entrance and lifting and positioning bunker sections. The back wall is bolted to the 20- by 45-cm (8- by 18-in.) bulkhead beam at the rear of the roof section to secure the entire structure against displacement when under attack. Except in very good soil conditions, footings will be required under the modified arch section to prevent excessive settlement. Cushion, waterproof, burster layers, retained with sandbags, are placed on the roof to develop capability to withstand direct hit from the equivalent of an 82-mm Soviet mortar round. Steel mesh gratings are hinged over the firing ports. Standoff screening against antitank (AT) rockets, as well as fields of fire, communications, camouflage, firing shelves, and bunks should be provided as required.
 

Kunal Biswas

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

AIR-TRANSPORTABLE UNDER-GROUND ASSAULT BUNKER



Description. This is a prefabricated plywood bunker (fig 1-59) suitable for a commandpost or fire-direction center, which can be moved (completely assembled except for the roof) from site to site as the tactical situation demands. Its sloping walls make for easier pulling from the ground by helicopter for relocation. The bunker can be erected and emplaced by means of handtools only.

Construction. The bunker walls and floor may be prefabricated (fig 1-60) in rear areas and then be trucked or flown, assembled or disassembled, to the erection site. Fasteners are provided along the edges of each wall and the floor to allow the Individual members to be locked together into a complete unit. The walls of the bunker should extend below the floor section so that the floor can act as a support for the bottom edge of the walls. The longer side walls are abutted against the shorter end walls. Two large straps, completely around the structure, and placed during construction are used to attach bunker to helicopter lifting hook for bunker pullout and transport The underground site can be excavated by means of explosives and handtools (fig 1-61). The floor area of the excavation should be .6 meter (2 ft.) longer and .6 meter (2 ft.) wider than the area of the bunker floor to allow working space during construction. The roof is concentric to and larger than the floor section and may be fabricated in the rear area or at the erection site. The roof overlaps the walls to be supported on firm (unexcavated) ground - not on the bunker walls. Additional construction recommendations for the bunkers are as follows:



(1) Abut longer side walls against shorter end walls because the longer walls must sustain the greatest load. The shorter walls then act as a support. (Miter corners if possible.)

(2) Provide for wall bracing at the top of the bunker. Brace from the center of each wall to the center of each adjacent wall (diamond pattern).

(3) Attach a sheet of plastic or other thin waterproof covering around the outside before backfilling to minimize friction between earth and the walls and increase moisture resistance.

(4) Make the bunker no larger than necessary. It should be no more than 6 1/2 feet high and the floor area should be less than 100 ft unless special effort is made to provide adequate structural members in addition to those used in the test bunker.




(5) Backfilling should be accomplished by hand labor, maintaining a uniform load around the perimeter as backfilling progresses.

(6) Although nails are satisfactory as fasteners for wood members, screws or bolts will offer greater holding strength.

(7) If possible, select fasteners for connecting walls and floors that are simple and adjustable.

(8) Make the bottom of the excavation 2 feet longer and 2 feet wider than the length and width of the structure floor to increase working room during erection and provide adequate clearance for the walls.

(9) Use explosives as extensively as practical during excavation to minimize required hand digging.

(10) Prior to lifting the structure from the installed portion, remove some of the backfill with hand tools to reduce effects of wall friction.

(11) Provide for more than one means of employing lifting devices for removal of the structure. Two large straps completely around the structure, placed during construction, seem to be the best method. U-bolts should be used in the floor through 4- by 4-inch members. To help distribute the load, a metal bearing plate should be placed where the U-bolt bears against the underside of the 4- by 4-inch floor joists.

Data. The bunker weighs approximately 1,600 pounds without the roof. It can be pulled from the ground by a lift of 10,000 pounds (CH-47 helicopter). The bunker should be no more than 1.95 meters (6 1/2 ft) high and the floor space should be under 9.3 square meters (100 sq ft). Excavation, erection, backfilling, and construction of roof and entrance can be completed in less than 10 hours.
 

Kunal Biswas

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

PLYWOOD PERIMETER BUNKER



This bunker has plywood revetment (soilbin) walls approximately .6 meter (2 ft) thick. The walls are topped with a plywood cap to prevent entrance of moisture into the soil fill. The bunker may be provided with a column foundation or be constructed directly on the ground. The bunker soilbin revetment walls withstand small arms fire. The bunker walls, by insertion of landing mat, offer additional cushioning effect against heavy caliber rounds that may penetrate the revetment (soilbin).
 

Kunal Biswas

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

Use Of Bunkers >>

1. Home : These are hubs to survive in isolated areas.

2. Shelter : Bunkers are design to live and work not only enemy fire but Nature`s rage, Mostly Nature`s Rage..

3. Depos & Command Control : Bunkers also design to hold ammo and food supplies these are also act as forward observation and command static posts..

4. Fortification : A bunker with troops in arms have a fire umbrella to 2000ms, It can provide fire support and it also act as harden platform which can take blows of small arm fire hence providing protection in defense..
 

Kunal Biswas

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

Now we know about different Bunkers type, Let see what Indian Army needs..
 

Kunal Biswas

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

A > What our Army needs is from small Bunker to Command bunkers, Large size bunkers to hold hundred of men in War situation when surface is no longer safe from enemy Air or Arty..

B > Presently what i am talking does not exists in India in mass nor any Indian Company is doing anything like this nor Army has taken any Major steps to do something about this..

C > For something as large as this we cannot relay of limited resources in our country, We have to look outside on Civilian markets which can be purchased and improvised to make them Military grade underground fortifications..
 

AVERAGE INDIAN

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

we need concrete bunkers like this ,

Switzerland has never been to war. In Switzerland there are 26,000 bunkers.
Leo Fabrizio, walking far and wide across the mountains of his country has photographed the most interesting works.
These massive points of defence and fortification erected by Swiss military genii are works between the absurd and the ironic. They go beyond simple chameleon-like mimicry, passing directly on to metamorphosis and architectural trasformismo; the bunker becomes rock, tree, farm and even small house, with much tromp l'Å“il at the windows and absurd colours such as pale pink or light green. In this Swiss delirium of a country that has never found itself under attack and whose enemies are obviously less punctual, remains only the perfection of knowing how to construct splendid, useful and useless architecture.





or

the german bunkers in normandy



http://www.patamagazine.com/en/leo-fabrizio

http://been-seen.com/travel-blog/places-to-go/the-frightening-beauty-of-bunkers
 

Kunal Biswas

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

Let me post more details
 

Kunal Biswas

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

Example Of Medium-Large Underground Commercial Bunker Can be Converted For Bomb Shelter For A Platoon / Company Size Force or Command Center In Isolated Parts >>

















Continue to Next Post :




ATLAS SURVIVAL SHELTERS has 7 fiberglass Tanks in STOCK: 12' x 62', 10' x 55', 10' x 32',8' x 40' 8' x 32', 8' x 28', 6' x 24' - 10,000 - 50,000 gallon tanks. All are new double wall fiberglass gas tanks, "never used" ready to be converted into an underground shelter in an area that is in the water table or may be used as a non-potable water container. The radius shape will give you the structural strength to be buried with 7' of top soil
ATLAS SURVIVAL SHELTERS produces the most unique and safest galvanized corrugated pipe shelter on the market today with a 200 year life-span so many generations of your family will be able to use your shelter. What makes our shelter different is that we have laser cut all our steel bulkheads and we have reused the cutout plate as a doorway so you have an extra door inside the bunker so the bulkhead at the main entrance has now become a private bathroom and a lockout chamber. Also in most cases you have two main hatches!, in our case you have one main hatch and one emergency hatch that is concealed 12 inches below the surface that is completely consealed. In the case an intruder tries to enter your bunker through the main hatch, you have a means to escape by digging out through the ATLAS ESCAPE HATCH and escape or defend your shelter. All pipe shelters have underfloor storage and 7' ceiling heights.This type of bunker has a 20 year proven record and is the best NBC fallout shelter for the money!.Diameters of 8', 9', 10', 11' 12' x 20' to 50' lenghts are available on custom orders.
From : Atlas Survival Shelters -> About us
 

Kunal Biswas

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

Living Area :















^^ With Such a facility under Ground, Troops can stay as they stay at home, This will enhance Moral and good Physical and Mental health..
 

Kunal Biswas

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

Such Under Ground Bunkers are portable via road as well as Rail and Air, They can be implemented..
@Ray Sir..
 
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AVERAGE INDIAN

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

they are similar to atlas shelters which cost 17,000 USD TO 77,000 USD

 

Kunal Biswas

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

@AVERAGE INDIAN, Fiber glass is better option as it has nothing to do with corrosion..
 
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Ray

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

Sir, My point is mostly around the person on the field during regular duty in FOB over field areas in bunkers or very small area and very isolated one starts to feel he is not needed / purpose in life, Not many feel the same but few despite knowing his family back at home is safe in ca-torment, the few starts to isolate himself internally from others and this is where his problems starts which is same for others as he is living with them, And this is the stage where wrong ideas starts in once mind..
To obviate this one should have a psychological test for those who are selected to join the Army and then the final selection made, by weeding out those who are too sentimental in mindset.
 

Ray

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

Such Under Ground Bunkers are portable via road as well as Rail and Air, They can be implemented..
@Ray Sir..

Give anyone such a bunker and I assure you that he will not leave it in inclement weather!

So, much for operational preparedness.
 
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AVERAGE INDIAN

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

@AVERAGE INDIAN, Fiber glass is better option as it has nothing to do with corrosion..
agree with you kunal the yellow colored ones are fiber glass which can be transported in pick up trucks the steel one is an option
 
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Kunal Biswas

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Re: Indian Army needs Sofisticated Bunkers..

Few things that might help :

1. Majority of forwards areas need 100% Concrete structure..

2. Should have RCWS in observation post which can be also manual ..

3. Should have bathroom with tissue paper inside, So one does not need to go outside..

4. Should have some means of producing electricity on its own ( Solar ) and a backup generator in case..

5. Electric heater instead of Bukrai ( A pot of burning Coal ) which cause many death in past..

6. Decorated inside of bunker with Chuna / Painted walls with different colors ..

And there is no issue with dogs, there are plenty ..


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It sound expensive but it will help in Moral and Security..

Though talking of expense we are spending on many things, This is just fraction of it to save life and enhance security where its most needed..



A painting of a bunker of sandbags, stones, CGI sheets and 100 yds from the enemy sitting at a higher height!

This post was built under enemy fire since they were already entrenched!

No trees, no birds, only rocks and snow (in winters)!

Actually, it was a cubby hole and cramped!

Example Of Small Commercial Bunker Can be Converted For Surveillance and Communication and Guards Duties In Isolated Parts >>

One of the best Product is CAT25 :





CAT25 Product Brochure | Underground Shelters

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Basically this is the Idea :



CAT-25 size underground bunker can keep a small Squad for a long time with all supplies, The observation tower / Bunker on surface can be armed with RCWS and port holes so does other surveillance System..

This small Bunker System can be made on forwards isolated posts, Similar post can make a Chain giving the Area 100% surveillance all the time, This will also reduce length and risky Patrol in Harsh terrains under enemy observation..
^^ I think this kind of Ready made Solution can improve situation grealty..

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To Member READ the Thread its Just 2 pages, Before commenting out your conclusions..
 

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