India tells China: Kashmir is to us what Tibet, Taiwan are to you

RAM

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Drawing a dramatic parallel between the territorial red lines of both countries, India on Sunday told China that just as New Delhi had been sensitive to its concerns over the Tibet Autonomous Region and Taiwan, Beijing too should be mindful of Indian sensitivities on Jammu and Kashmir.

The comparison – which is intended to drive home the depth of Indian concerns over recent Chinese attempts to question the country's sovereignty in Kashmir — was made by External Affairs Minister S.M. Krishna in his meeting with China's Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi on the sidelines of the Russia-India-China trilateral meeting here.

This is the first time India has drawn this parallel directly, Indian officials told The Hindu.

Briefing reporters about the meeting, Foreign Secretary Nirupama Rao said the two Ministers reviewed the state of bilateral relations, which Mr. Yang described as being in "very good shape." As India-China relations grew, Mr. Krishna said, there was a need for both sides to be sensitive to each other's core concerns. "In that context," said Ms. Rao, "[the External Affairs Minister] spoke of Jammu and Kashmir and expressed the hope that China would be sensitive to J&K just as we have been to the Tibet Autonomous Region and Taiwan."

According to Ms. Rao, Mr. Yang said in response that China always believed the problem of Jammu and Kashmir could only be resolved through dialogue and negotiations between India and Pakistan and that there has been no change in its policy.

The Chinese Minister also said Beijing wanted to expand the political content of the relationship between the two countries. "He said both countries should see each other's growth as an opportunity and not a challenge."
India has been objecting to the Chinese policy of issuing 'stapled' visas to Kashmiri-domicile Indian citizens. New Delhi suspended defence exchanges with Beijing in August after an Indian general from Kashmir was denied a proper visa to travel to China on an official visit.
On the question of a permanent seat for India on a reformed UN Security Council – a question Mr. Krishna raised in a general way without reference to President Barack Obama's recent announcement – Mr. Yang said he acknowledged there had been a fundamental change in the international situation and that consultations were needed on the question of UN reform. He added that China was willing to continue and increase its consultations with India and others on this question, a stand Ms. Rao described as "incrementally speaking, a positive development."

But she quickly added: "To say that they have given full-scale endorsement would be inaccurate."
Also on Sunday, Mr. Krishna held bilateral talks with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and attended a working dinner of the RIC trilateral.
Ms. Rao said Mr. Lavrov strongly supported India's prospective membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and urged the country to work closely together with Russia and others for promoting security and cooperation across the Asia-Pacific region.
The RIC Foreign Ministers also strongly endorsed the idea of a trilateral discussion on the situation in Afghanistan and agreed that the BRIC forum, which links the three with Brazil, be expanded to include South Africa by the time of the next summit.
Also present at Mr. Krishna's meeting with the Chinese Foreign Minister was Duan Yunlin, vice governor of Hubei province. Mr. Duan spoke of Hubei's economic relations with India and described his own involvement in promoting business links with Bangalore and Andhra Pradesh. Mr. Krishna said he hoped India-China bilateral trade would cross the target of $ 60 billion but urged the Chinese side to do more to ensure a better balance.
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article886483.ece?homepage=true
 

anoop_mig25

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:emot112::emot112::emot112::emot112::emot112:

well done althougf nothing is going to change
 

Ray

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Kashmir is not like Tibet.

Tibet was forcibly and militarily annexed.

Kashmir volunteered joining India consequent to the Indian Independence Act of the British Parliament.

This should have been made amply clear to the Chinese.
 

ahmedsid

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Actually, Ray Sir, the Tibet connection is correct. China, even though they annexxed it, stick to the claim of "Integral Part". We didnt annex Kashmir, but we also Maintain the Integral Part. Same for Taiwan. I feel this is a good and assertive way of putting the issue into words. There wont be any changes by the chinese, but atleast they know we are not thinking of bowing down to pressure et al!
 

Ray

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Ahmed,

That is right.

However, by drawing comparison, we are giving negative vibes, as I see it.

Why must we compare. What is legitimate is legitimate and we don't have to explain it to anyone.

China does not compare. They scoff at any attempts by any country to moralise with them. They even reject any condemnation of their human rights gross indiscretions and wag a finger of scorn.

And here we go trying to explain to them.

Sure draw the comparison, if needed, but make it very clear about the legitimacy of our action compared to their annexation of Tibet and tell them that that is where the line of comparison ends.

Stand your ground and be counted!
 

pmaitra

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Tibet was never really a part of China. Tibet has more in common with India, culturally, linguistically and historically. China merely had 'suzerainty' over Tibet, but not 'sovereignty'. The powers that a state under the suzerainty of another state has are roughly defined with the precedence of the Ottoman Empire and they retain their independence. This exactly was the case with India vis-a-vis Sikkim, until 1975, and quite the case with Tibet until annexation by PRC. PRC should have no legitimate claim on Tibet whatsoever, save by virtue of sheer force or the 'barrel of the gun' [sic].
 

Yusuf

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Disagree with the govt. Cannot compare tibet with kashmir. Taiwan also is another pc of strategic game. All three are not comparable at all. By this statement india has also hurt the Tibetan cause too. I think a spin has to be given to this statement by India to right the wrong statement.
 

johnee

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Agree to Taiwan being compared to Kashmir, perhaps. But Tibet is definitely not comparable to Kashmir or Taiwan. Frankly, all the three have their own unique characteristics and cant be compared. If the intended message was to say that we have our sensitivities and you have yours, lets respect each others' sensitivities, then the message could have been aired differently.
 

sesha_maruthi27

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We should derecognise TIBET as a part of china and start issuing new stapled visa's for the Tibetans who are living in the chinese occupied Tibet or CoT in short....
 

badguy2000

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well, China would politely tell India: " Taiwan and Tibet are not yours...... Kashimir is not yours ,either!"
 
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SHASH2K2

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well, China would politely tell India: " Taiwan and Tibet is not yours...... Kashimir is not yours ,either!"
Then who has stopped you from announcing it Badguy? self proclaimed spokesperson of PRC .
 

nimo_cn

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Then who has stopped you from announcing it Badguy? self proclaimed spokesperson of PRC .
Well, I think China just told India that Kashmir does not belong to India by issuing a stapled visa policy to that region.
 

SHASH2K2

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Well, I think China just told India that Kashmir does not belong to India by issuing a stapled visa policy to that region.
Well does that stapled Visa changes anything on ground ? kashmir is still under Indian rule. You chinese feel pride in poking others and when someone use same Pin against you guys then someone start preaching about peaceful coexistence and china being a peaceful country. Truth is that China is rogue and chinese like you are als here only to troll.
 

Yusuf

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Looks like the DFI task force is going to be paid extra for today's work. Anymore nonsense and you will be seen in DFI jail.
 

Yatharth Singh

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well, China would politely tell India: " Taiwan and Tibet are not yours...... Kashimir is not yours ,either!"
Then we`ll also speak politely that if Kashmir is not ours then its also not yours so why are you always putting your leg in between the Kashmir matter. We dont speak a word about your Tibet seize then why are you interrupting in the Kashmir matter.
Jammu & Kashmir is a part of India. If you have the guts then take it from us.
 

anoop_mig25

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Well, I think China just told India that Kashmir does not belong to India by issuing a stapled visa policy to that region.
well plz tell is only IoK is disputed according to china or Pok as well?
 

maomao

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Invasion and illegal annexation of Tibet: 1949-1951

Treaties in international law are binding on the countries signing them, unless they are imposed by force or a country is coerced into signing the agreement by the threat of force. This is reflected in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, which is regarded as a reflection of customary international law. The People's Republic of China (PRC) feels strongly about this principle, particularly as it applies to treaties and other agreements China was pressured to sign by Western powers at a time when China was weak. The PRC is particularly adamant that such "unequal" treaties and other agreements cannot be valid, no matter who signed them or for what reasons.

After the military invasion of Tibet had started and the small Tibetan army was defeated, the PRC imposed a treaty on the Tibetan Government under the terms of which Tibet was declared to be a part of China, albeit enjoying a large degree of autonomy. In the White Paper, China claims this treaty was entered into entirely voluntarily by the Tibetan Government, and that the Dalai Lama, his Government and the Tibetan people as a whole welcomed it. The facts show a very different story, leading to the conclusion that the so-called "17 Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet" was never validly concluded and was rejected by Tibetans. The Dalai Lama stated Tibetan Prime Minister Lukhangwa as having told Chinese General Zhang Jin-wu in 1952:

It was absurd to refer to the terms of the Seventeen-Point Agreement. Our people did not accept the agreement and the Chinese themselves had repeatedly broken the terms of it. Their army was still in occupation of eastern Tibet; the area had not been returned to the government of Tibet, as it should have been. [My Land and My People, Dalai Lama, New York, Fourth Edition, 1992, p.95]

Diplomatic activity and military threats

Soon after the Communist victory against the Guomindang and the founding of the PRC on 1 October 1949, Radio Beijing began to announce that "the People's Liberation Army must liberate all Chinese territories, including Tibet, Xinjiang, Hainan and Taiwan." Partly in response to this threat, and in order to resolve long-standing border disputes with China, the Foreign Office of the Tibetan Government, on 2 November 1949, wrote to Mao Zedong proposing negotiations to settle all territorial disputes. Copies of this letter were sent to the Governments of India, Great Britain and the United States. Although these three Governments considered the spread of Communism to be a threat to the stability of South Asia, they advised the Tibetan Government to enter into direct negotiations with Chinese Government as any other course of action might provoke military retaliation.

The Tibetan Government decided to send two senior officials, Tsepon Shakabpa and Tsechag Thubten Gyalpo, to negotiate with representatives of the PRC in a third country, possibly the USSR, Singapore or Hong Kong. These officials were to take up with the Chinese Government the content of the Tibetan Foreign Office's letter to Chairman Mao Zedong and the threatening Chinese radio announcements still being made about an imminent "liberation of Tibet"; they were to secure an assurance that the territorial integrity of Tibet would not be violated and to state that Tibet would not tolerate interference.

When the Tibetan delegates in Delhi applied for visas to Hong Kong, the Chinese told them that their new Ambassador to India was due to arrive in the capital shortly and that negotiations should be opened through him.

In the course of negotiations, the Chinese Ambassador, Yuan Zhong-xian, demanded that the Tibetan delegation accept a Two- point Proposal: i) Tibetan national defence will be handled by China; and ii) Tibet should be recognised as a part of China. They were then to proceed to China in confirmation of the agreement. On being informed of the Chinese demands, the Tibetan Government instructed its delegates to reject the proposal. So negotiations were suspended.

On 7 October 1950, 40,000 Chinese troops under Political Commissar, Wang Qiemi, attacked Eastern Tibet's provincial capital of Chamdo, from eight directions. The small Tibetan force, consisting of 8,000 troops and militia, were defeated. After two days, Chamdo was taken and Kalon (Minister) Ngapo Ngawang Jigme, the Regional Governor, was captured. Over 4,000 Tibetan fighters were killed.

The Chinese aggression came as a rude shock to India. In a sharp note to Beijing on 26 October 1950, the Indian Foreign Ministry wrote:

Now that the invasion of Tibet has been ordered by Chinese government, peaceful negotiations can hardly be synchronized with it and there naturally will be fear on the part of Tibetans that negotiations will be under duress. In the present context of world events, invasion by Chinese troops of Tibet cannot but be regarded as deplorable and in the considered judgement of the Government of India, not in the interest of China or peace.

A number of countries, including the United States and Britain, expressed their support for the Indian position.

The Tibetan National Assembly convened an emergency session in November 1950 at which it requested the Dalai Lama, only 16 at that time, to assume full authority as Head of State. The Dalai Lama was then requested to leave Lhasa for Dromo, near the Indian border, so that he would be out of personal danger.At the same time the Tibetan Foreign Office issued the followingstatement:

Tibet is united as one man behind the Dalai Lama who has taken over full powers. ... We have appealed to the world for peaceful intervention in (the face of this) clear case of unprovoked aggression.

The Tibetan Government also wrote to the Secretary General of the United Nations on 7 November 1950, appealing for the world body's intervention. The letter said, in part:

Tibet recognises that it is in no position to resist the Chinese advance. It is thus that it agreed to negotiate on friendly terms with the Chinese Government. ...Though there is little hope that a nation dedicated to peace will be able to resist the brutal effort of men trained to war, we understand that the United Nations has decided to stop aggression wherever it takes place.

On 17 November 1950, El Salvador formally asked that the aggression against Tibet be put on the General Assembly agenda. However, the issue was not discussed in the UN General Assembly at the suggestion of the Indian delegation who asserted that a peaceful solution which is mutually advantageous to Tibet, India and China could be reached between the parties concerned. A second letter by the Tibetan delegation to the United Nations on 8 December 1950 did not change the situation.

Faced with the military occupation of Eastern and Northern Tibet, the defeat and destruction of its small army, the advance of tens of thousands of more PLA troops into Central Tibet, and the lack of active support from the international community, the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan Government decided to send a delegation to Beijing for negotiations with the new Chinese leadership.

"Seventeen-Point Agreement"

In April 1951, the Tibetan Government sent a five-member delegation to Beijing, led by Kalon Ngapo Ngawang Jigme. The Tibetan Government authorised its delegation to put forward the Tibetan stand and listen to the Chinese position. But, contrary to the claim made in the White Paper that the delegation had "full powers," it was expressly not given the plenipotentiary authority to conclude an agreement. In fact, it was instructed to refer all important matters to the Government.

On 29 April negotiations opened with the presentation of a draft agreement by the leader of the Chinese delegation. The Tibetan delegation rejected the Chinese proposal in toto, after which the Chinese tabled a modified draft that was equally unacceptable to the Tibetan delegation. At this point, the Chinese delegates, Li Weihan and Zhang Jin-wu, made it plain that the terms, as they now stood, were final and amounted to an ultimatum. The Tibetan delegation was addressed in harsh and insulting terms, threatened with physical violence, and members were virtually kept prisoners. No further discussion was permitted, and, contrary to Chinese claims, the Tibetan delegation was prevented from contacting its Government for instructions. It was given the onerous choice of either signing the "Agreement" on its own authority or accepting responsibility for an immediate military advance on Lhasa.

Under immense Chinese pressure the Tibetan delegation signed the "Agreement of the Central People's Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet" on 23 May 1951, without being able to inform the Tibetan Government. The delegation warned the Chinese that they were signing only in their personal capacity and had no authority to bind either the Dalai Lama or the Tibetan Government to the "Agreement".

None of this posed an obstacle to the Chinese Government to proceed with a signing ceremony and to announce to the world that an "agreement" had been concluded for the "peaceful liberation of Tibet". Even the seals affixed to the document were forged by the Chinese Government to give it the necessary semblance of authenticity. The seventeen clauses of the "Agreement", among other things, authorised the entry into Tibet of Chinese forces and empowered the Chinese Government to handle Tibet's external affairs. On the other hand, it guaranteed that China would not alter the existing political system in Tibet and not interfere with the established status, function, and powers of the Dalai Lama or the Panchen Lama. The Tibetan people were to have regional autonomy, and their religious beliefs and customs were to be respected. Internal reforms in Tibet would be effected after consultation with leading Tibetans and without compulsion.

The full text of what came to be known as the "Seventeen-Point Agreement" was broadcast by Radio Beijing on 27 May 1951. This was the first time the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan Government heard of the devastating document. The reaction in Dromo (where the Dalai Lama was staying at that time) and Lhasa was one of shock and disbelief.

A message was immediately sent to the delegation in Beijing, reprimanding them for signing the "Agreement" without consulting the Government for instructions. The delegation was asked to send the text of the document they had signed, and wait in Beijing for further instructions. In the meantime, a telegraphic message was received from the delegation to say that the Chinese Government representative, General Zhang Jin-wu, was already on his way to Dromo, via India. It added that some of the delegation members were returning, via India, and the leader of the delegation was returning directly to Lhasa.

The Dalai Lama and the Tibetan Government withheld the public repudiation of the "Agreement". The Dalai Lama returned to Lhasa on 17 August 1951 in the hope of re-negotiating a more favourable treaty with the Chinese.

On 9 September 1951, around 3,000 Chinese troops marched into Lhasa, soon followed by some 20,000 more, from eastern Tibet and from Eastern Turkestan (Xinjiang) in the north. The PLA occupied the principal cities of Ruthok and Gartok, and then Gyangtse and Shigatse. With the occupation of all the major cities of Tibet, including Lhasa, and large concentration of troops throughout eastern and western Tibet, the military control of Tibet was virtually complete. From this position, China refused to re-open negotiations and the Dalai Lama had effectively lost the ability to either accept or reject any Tibet-China agreement. However, on the first occasion he had of expressing himself freely again, which came only on 20 June 1959, after his flight to India, the Dalai Lama formally repudiated the "Seventeen-Point Agreement", as having been "thrust upon Tibetan Government and people by the threat of arms".

In assessing the "17-Point Agreement on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet" and the occupation of Tibet two factors are crucial. First, the extent to which China was violating international law when the PLA marched into Tibet, and second, the effect of the signing of the "Agreement".

The law governing treaties is based on the universally recognised principle that the foundation of conventional obligations is the free and mutual consent of contracting parties and, conversely, that freedom of consent is essential to the validity of an agreement. Treaties brought about by the threat or the use of force lack legal validity, particularly if the coercion is applied to the country and government in question rather than only on the negotiators themselves. With China occupying large portions of Tibet and openly threatening a full military advance to Lhasa unless the treaty was signed, the "agreement" was invalid ab initio, meaning that it could not even be validated by a later act of acquiescence by the Tibetan Government.

Contrary to China's claim in its White Paper, the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan Government did not act voluntarily in signing the "Agreement". In fact, Mao Zedong himself, in the Directive of Central Committee of CPC on the Policies for our Work in Tibet, issued on 6 April 1952, admitted:

(N)ot only the two Silons (i.e., prime ministers) but also the Dalai and most of his clique were reluctant to accept the Agreement and are unwilling to carry it out. ... As yet we do not have a material base for fully implementing the agreement, nor do we have a base for this purpose in terms of support among the masses or in the upper stratum.

http://www.grantclassof1952.com/Page History Invasion and illegal annexation of Tibet 1949-1951.htm
 

maomao

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We may not say in the open but we do not recognize Tibet as China, GOT in exile is headquartered in Dharamshala, India.
 

SHASH2K2

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We may not say in the open but we do not recognize Tibet as China, GOT in exile is headquartered in Dharamshala, India.
way chinese are behaving lately we will definitely be looking to revise our policy in Tibet . China need to get the same pain to feel what others feel due to their lack of sensitivity. Just a trip of Dalai Lama to Arunachal hurt them so much what if we declare Tibet as disputed territory.
 
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maomao

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way chinese are behaving lately we will definitely be looking to revise our policy in Tibet . You need to get the same pain to feel what others feel due to your lack of sensitivity.
China these days is in a fix, from being an American lapdog against erstwhile USSR, today it has gone rabid, hence the troubles. China is feeling the heat with India, as India is on its way to create a virtual envelope on China's South and East (obviously US is a party), Chinese know the reality of their economy and its dependence on US. On top that, they have been feeding a Failed-defunct-military-beggar state (you guessed it correct) for years with their cheap junk, however even that has not worked, as pakistan could not muster enough courage to go on a full scaled war with India. All of China's efforts including "String of Pearls" has gone in vain.
 

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