JAISWAL
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Radar power
.
.
FOCUS:- DRDO Radar power
.
By- T.S. SUBRAMANIAN
.
.
The LRDE, a premier laboratory of the DRDO, develops a range of radar systems to meet the requirements of the defence forces.
.
THE scene is a "bunker" on the wooded campus
of the Electronics and Radar Development
Establishment (LRDE), one of the premier
laboratories of the Defence Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO), in Bangalore.
A radar is positioned near the bunker's window
to face the road. Its piercing eyes detect and track
a man walking a few kilometres away and the
image immediately looms into view on a
computer monitor. When the moving target
quickens its pace, the rhythm is reflected on the
monitor. When a man is caught crawling a few
100 metres away, the image on the monitor
captures the slow motion.
The man-portable, battery-operated Battlefield
Surveillance Radar – Short Range (BFSR-SR), has
become a hit with the Army. Weighing just 30
kg, it can be brought into operation in a battlefield
in about five minutes. It can detect, track and
classify a variety of ground-surface targets within
a detection range of 700 metres to eight
kilometres. So far, 1,441 BFSRs have been
delivered to the Army and 90 to the Border
Security Force (BSF). Bharat Electronics Limited
(BEL), Bangalore, manufactures this radar.
"We developed the BFSR in two years to the
specific requirements of the Army. The mandate
was that it should be deployable in hilly, snow-
bound high-altitude areas, should withstand very
low temperatures, and be light in weight," said S.
Varadarajan, Director, LRDE. There was a felt
need during the Kargil conflict in 1999 to develop
a short-range radar to alert the Army about
enemy intrusions on high-altitude terrain.
"Driving Rain Chamber", reads the quizzical
legend on a box-like contraption in a building that
houses the many-chambered Quality and
Reliability Assurance Division on the campus. As
the doors of the "Driving Rain Chamber" swing
open, we find the central processing unit (CPU),
the heart of a radar system, being drenched in
the "rain" that issued forth from within the
chamber. The CPU was being battered as part of
the quality and reliability check to prove the
radar's ruggedness. The CPU processes the data
received by the radar, senses the target with the
help of an antenna, and sends it for display. It can
classify the enemy too.
The building contains Combined Altitude,
Temperature and Humidity (CATH) chambers,
thermal shock chambers, dust chambers,
corrosion chambers, and so on, where the
various parts of radars are tested thoroughly
before the systems are deployed in the field. The
thermal shock chamber has three compartments.
In the "cold" compartment, the temperature
ranges from -700 Celsius to +800 C and in the
hot cell, it ranges from 00 C to 2000 C. The third
compartment has ambient temperature. The
airborne radar systems are tested in these
temperatures because when an aircraft climbs to
an altitude of 40,000 feet (12,000 metres), the
transition time from the ambient temperature to
freezing cold is only 10 minutes. The airborne
radar systems should withstand these thermal
shocks. Even the gear box of India's Light Combat
Aircraft (LCA), Tejas, was tested in the CATH
chambers.
The 60-foot long, 40-foot broad and 32-foot tall
anechoic chamber was set up in 1987 to test the
equipment on the Arjun battle tank and later that
in Tejas and in India's nuclear-powered
submarine, Arihant. It is now used to test the
radar equipment. "Any equipment should be
compliant with electromagnetic interference [EMI],
which cannot be eliminated," explained D.C.
Pandey, Outstanding Scientist, LRDE, who is also
India's foremost expert in EMI and
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). "You can
reduce the EMI to a particular level and that level
depends on the platform [on which the
equipment is integrated]." These platforms are
ships, aircraft, submarines, satellites and the
ground. In the anechoic chamber, the
electromagnetic field is amplified and measured.
"We amplify the field and measure the effect, and
make sure that the equipment is immune to the
harsh electromagnetic environment," Pandey
said.
With the radar systems undergoing such a
battery of tests, it is not surprising that
Varadarajan asserted: "The radars, developed by
the LRDE, are performance-wise on a par, if not
better than, with the best in the world. The armed
forces place repeat orders with BEL for a range of
radars, including BFSR-SR, Rohini and Rajendra.
Today, we are totally focussed on the
development of radars for the three armed
forces. We want the radars we develop to
become globally competitive because the Army
has the option to shop anywhere," he said. The
LRDE has developed the primary radar for the
indigenous Airborne Early Warning and Control
System (AEW & CS), which helps in tactical
missions against enemy aircraft or in deep
penetration strikes. The AEW & CS was tested
during its maiden flight on a modified Embraer
aircraft in Brazil on December 6, 2011. Tejas uses
the antenna developed by the LRDE.
W. Selvamurthy, Chief Controller (Life Sciences),
DRDO, is proud of the galaxy of radar systems
developed by the LRDE. They include the BFSR-
SR; the weapons-locating radar (WLR) Swathi; the
lightweight Bharani for the Army's air defence;
Aslesha for the Indian Air Force (IAF); Rohini, the
backbone of India's air defence; Revathi, the
surveillance radar for the Navy; Rajendra, a
phased-array radar, which is the core of Akash,
India's surface-to-air missile system; the airborne
maritime patrol radar, which has been integrated
into India'a Advanced Light Helicopter; the Navy's
Kamov-25 helicopter and the Coast Guard's
Dornier aircraft; and the ground-penetration radar
for locating buried mines, improvised explosive
devices (IEDs) and unexploded ordnances (UXOs).
BEL is the LRDE's "production buddy" for all the
radars. The LRDE has now plunged into the
development of a "through wall looking radar",
which can do remote three-dimensional (3D)
imaging of terrorists hiding behind walls and
detect even their heartbeats.
The DRDO, with 52 laboratories located in
different parts of the country, is one of the largest
enterprises of its kind catering to the Indian
armed forces. Selvamurthy estimated that the
production value of the products developed by
the DRDO in the last eight years was around
Rs.1,60,000 crore. The Army has placed orders
for 124 Arjun-Mark I main battle tanks, developed
by the DRDO's Combat Vehicles Research and
Development Establishment (CVRDE) situated at
Avadi near Chennai. Each Arjun tank cost Rs.18
crore, Selvamurthy said. The Army has placed
orders for a batch of 124 Arjun-Mark II battle
tanks too, which will feature a number of
modifications on Mark-I. The IAF has placed
orders for 40 Tejas aircraft, each costing more
than Rs.150 crore.
.
.
FOCUS:- DRDO Radar power
.
By- T.S. SUBRAMANIAN
.
.
The LRDE, a premier laboratory of the DRDO, develops a range of radar systems to meet the requirements of the defence forces.
.
THE scene is a "bunker" on the wooded campus
of the Electronics and Radar Development
Establishment (LRDE), one of the premier
laboratories of the Defence Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO), in Bangalore.
A radar is positioned near the bunker's window
to face the road. Its piercing eyes detect and track
a man walking a few kilometres away and the
image immediately looms into view on a
computer monitor. When the moving target
quickens its pace, the rhythm is reflected on the
monitor. When a man is caught crawling a few
100 metres away, the image on the monitor
captures the slow motion.
The man-portable, battery-operated Battlefield
Surveillance Radar – Short Range (BFSR-SR), has
become a hit with the Army. Weighing just 30
kg, it can be brought into operation in a battlefield
in about five minutes. It can detect, track and
classify a variety of ground-surface targets within
a detection range of 700 metres to eight
kilometres. So far, 1,441 BFSRs have been
delivered to the Army and 90 to the Border
Security Force (BSF). Bharat Electronics Limited
(BEL), Bangalore, manufactures this radar.
"We developed the BFSR in two years to the
specific requirements of the Army. The mandate
was that it should be deployable in hilly, snow-
bound high-altitude areas, should withstand very
low temperatures, and be light in weight," said S.
Varadarajan, Director, LRDE. There was a felt
need during the Kargil conflict in 1999 to develop
a short-range radar to alert the Army about
enemy intrusions on high-altitude terrain.
"Driving Rain Chamber", reads the quizzical
legend on a box-like contraption in a building that
houses the many-chambered Quality and
Reliability Assurance Division on the campus. As
the doors of the "Driving Rain Chamber" swing
open, we find the central processing unit (CPU),
the heart of a radar system, being drenched in
the "rain" that issued forth from within the
chamber. The CPU was being battered as part of
the quality and reliability check to prove the
radar's ruggedness. The CPU processes the data
received by the radar, senses the target with the
help of an antenna, and sends it for display. It can
classify the enemy too.
The building contains Combined Altitude,
Temperature and Humidity (CATH) chambers,
thermal shock chambers, dust chambers,
corrosion chambers, and so on, where the
various parts of radars are tested thoroughly
before the systems are deployed in the field. The
thermal shock chamber has three compartments.
In the "cold" compartment, the temperature
ranges from -700 Celsius to +800 C and in the
hot cell, it ranges from 00 C to 2000 C. The third
compartment has ambient temperature. The
airborne radar systems are tested in these
temperatures because when an aircraft climbs to
an altitude of 40,000 feet (12,000 metres), the
transition time from the ambient temperature to
freezing cold is only 10 minutes. The airborne
radar systems should withstand these thermal
shocks. Even the gear box of India's Light Combat
Aircraft (LCA), Tejas, was tested in the CATH
chambers.
The 60-foot long, 40-foot broad and 32-foot tall
anechoic chamber was set up in 1987 to test the
equipment on the Arjun battle tank and later that
in Tejas and in India's nuclear-powered
submarine, Arihant. It is now used to test the
radar equipment. "Any equipment should be
compliant with electromagnetic interference [EMI],
which cannot be eliminated," explained D.C.
Pandey, Outstanding Scientist, LRDE, who is also
India's foremost expert in EMI and
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). "You can
reduce the EMI to a particular level and that level
depends on the platform [on which the
equipment is integrated]." These platforms are
ships, aircraft, submarines, satellites and the
ground. In the anechoic chamber, the
electromagnetic field is amplified and measured.
"We amplify the field and measure the effect, and
make sure that the equipment is immune to the
harsh electromagnetic environment," Pandey
said.
With the radar systems undergoing such a
battery of tests, it is not surprising that
Varadarajan asserted: "The radars, developed by
the LRDE, are performance-wise on a par, if not
better than, with the best in the world. The armed
forces place repeat orders with BEL for a range of
radars, including BFSR-SR, Rohini and Rajendra.
Today, we are totally focussed on the
development of radars for the three armed
forces. We want the radars we develop to
become globally competitive because the Army
has the option to shop anywhere," he said. The
LRDE has developed the primary radar for the
indigenous Airborne Early Warning and Control
System (AEW & CS), which helps in tactical
missions against enemy aircraft or in deep
penetration strikes. The AEW & CS was tested
during its maiden flight on a modified Embraer
aircraft in Brazil on December 6, 2011. Tejas uses
the antenna developed by the LRDE.
W. Selvamurthy, Chief Controller (Life Sciences),
DRDO, is proud of the galaxy of radar systems
developed by the LRDE. They include the BFSR-
SR; the weapons-locating radar (WLR) Swathi; the
lightweight Bharani for the Army's air defence;
Aslesha for the Indian Air Force (IAF); Rohini, the
backbone of India's air defence; Revathi, the
surveillance radar for the Navy; Rajendra, a
phased-array radar, which is the core of Akash,
India's surface-to-air missile system; the airborne
maritime patrol radar, which has been integrated
into India'a Advanced Light Helicopter; the Navy's
Kamov-25 helicopter and the Coast Guard's
Dornier aircraft; and the ground-penetration radar
for locating buried mines, improvised explosive
devices (IEDs) and unexploded ordnances (UXOs).
BEL is the LRDE's "production buddy" for all the
radars. The LRDE has now plunged into the
development of a "through wall looking radar",
which can do remote three-dimensional (3D)
imaging of terrorists hiding behind walls and
detect even their heartbeats.
The DRDO, with 52 laboratories located in
different parts of the country, is one of the largest
enterprises of its kind catering to the Indian
armed forces. Selvamurthy estimated that the
production value of the products developed by
the DRDO in the last eight years was around
Rs.1,60,000 crore. The Army has placed orders
for 124 Arjun-Mark I main battle tanks, developed
by the DRDO's Combat Vehicles Research and
Development Establishment (CVRDE) situated at
Avadi near Chennai. Each Arjun tank cost Rs.18
crore, Selvamurthy said. The Army has placed
orders for a batch of 124 Arjun-Mark II battle
tanks too, which will feature a number of
modifications on Mark-I. The IAF has placed
orders for 40 Tejas aircraft, each costing more
than Rs.150 crore.