Dutch conquest of Britain-Glorious Revolution of 1688

Peter

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Dutch conquest of Britain-Glorious Revolution of 1688

The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange). William's successful invasion of England with a Dutch fleet and army led to his ascending of the English throne as William III of England jointly with his wife Mary II of England, in conjunction with the documentation of the Bill of Rights 1689.

King James's policies of religious tolerance after 1685 met with increasing opposition by members of leading political circles, who were troubled by the king's Catholicism and his close ties with France. The crisis facing the king came to a head in 1688, with the birth of the King's son, James Francis Edward Stuart, on 10 June (Julian calendar).[a] This changed the existing line of succession by displacing the heir presumptive, his daughter Mary, a Protestant and the wife of William of Orange, with young James as heir apparent. The establishment of a Roman Catholic dynasty in the kingdoms now seemed likely. Some of the most influential leaders of the Tories united with members of the opposition Whigs and set out to resolve the crisis by inviting William of Orange to England,[1] which the stadtholder, who feared an Anglo-French alliance, had indicated as a condition for a military intervention.

After consolidating political and financial support, William crossed the North Sea and English Channel with a large invasion fleet in November 1688, landing at Torbay. After only two minor clashes between the two opposing armies in England, and anti-Catholic riots in several towns, James's regime collapsed, largely because of a lack of resolve shown by the king. However, this was followed by the protracted Williamite War in Ireland and Dundee's rising in Scotland.[c] In England's distant American colonies, the revolution led to the collapse of the Dominion of New England and the overthrow of the Province of Maryland's government. Following a defeat of his forces at the Battle of Reading on 9 December, James and his wife fled England; James, however, returned to London for a two-week period that culminated in his final departure for France on 23 December. By threatening to withdraw his troops, William in February 1689 convinced a newly chosen Convention Parliament to make him and his wife joint monarchs.

The Revolution permanently ended any chance of Catholicism becoming re-established in England. For British Catholics its effects were disastrous both socially and politically: Catholics were denied the right to vote and sit in the Westminster Parliament for over a century; they were also denied commissions in the army, and the monarch was forbidden to be Catholic or to marry a Catholic, this latter prohibition remaining in force until the UK's Succession to the Crown Act 2013 removes it once it comes into effect. The Revolution led to limited toleration for Nonconformist Protestants, although it would be some time before they had full political rights. It has been argued, mainly by Whig historians, that James's overthrow began modern English parliamentary democracy: the Bill of Rights of 1689 has become one of the most important documents in the political history of Britain and never since has the monarch held absolute power.

Internationally, the Revolution was related to the War of the Grand Alliance on mainland Europe. It has been seen as the last successful invasion of England.[2] It ended all attempts by England in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th century to subdue the Dutch Republic by military force. However, the resulting economic integration and military co-operation between the English and Dutch navies shifted the dominance in world trade from the Dutch Republic to England and later to Great Britain.

The expression "Glorious Revolution" was first used by John Hampden in late 1689,[3] and is an expression that is still used by the British Parliament.[4] The Glorious Revolution is also occasionally termed the Bloodless Revolution, albeit inaccurately. The English Civil War (also known as the Great Rebellion) was still within living memory for most of the major English participants in the events of 1688, and for them, in comparison to that war (or even the Monmouth Rebellion of 1685) the deaths in the conflict of 1688 were mercifully few.


Glorious Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 

Peter

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Ok so here is another successful invasion of Great Britain.
Britain has been invaded repeatedly it seems. One was done by the Romans,another invasion was carried out by the Saxons and the Vikings, the Franco-Norman duke William carried out one in 1066 and finally William of Orange completed the final one.
 

Peter

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Peter

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Just look at the comments in the video. The butt hurt British cannot stomach the truth.
 

apple

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Just look at the comments in the video. The butt hurt British cannot stomach the truth.
Suspect they might know their British History a bit better than you. William of Orange was related by both descent, as well as, marriage (weird, sick times back then...) to James II. He was barely any more foreign than any other British King and his "invasion force" was what??? 250 guys?

Whoever called it a foreign invasion was, to use an appropriate internet term, a troll.

Legitimate historians have largely focused on the Europe wide war between Protestants and Roman Catholics which William III's arrival in England was part of.
 

Peter

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Suspect they might know their British History a bit better than you. William of Orange was related by both descent, as well as, marriage (weird, sick times back then...) to James II. He was barely any more foreign than any other British King and his "invasion force" was what??? 250 guys?

Whoever called it a foreign invasion was, to use an appropriate internet term, a troll.

Legitimate historians have largely focused on the Europe wide war between Protestants and Roman Catholics which William III's arrival in England was part of.
@apple sir

No there is still a debate whether it is a foreign invasion or a glorious revolution. The Dutch consider it to be an invasion. The English don`t think so. William was related to James II but he was an Oranje prince. Also he pressed his wife`s claims to the throne. Even after his wife died he ruled England and was also a stadholder there in his Dutch homeland. Also you are wrong with the numbers.

The Dutch force consisted of 25,000 solders.(Not 250 soldiers as per your claim.) Also the Dutch fleet was larger than the Spanish Armada. Here are the sources form Wikipedia. I would like to here the counter points from you.

Revolution or invasion?[edit]
The events of 1688 are known as the "Glorious Revolution" but since an intensified historical interest due to the third centennial of the event, some academics have portrayed the "revolution" as a Dutch invasion of Britain.[94] The "Glorious Revolution" fulfils the criterion for revolution, being an internal change of constitution and also the criterion for invasion, because it involved the landing of large numbers of foreign troops. The events were unusual because the establishment of a constitutional monarchy (a de facto republic, see Coronation Oath Act 1688) and Bill of Rights meant that the apparently invading monarchs, legitimate heirs to the throne, were prepared to govern with the English Parliament. It is difficult to classify the entire proceedings of 1687–89 but it can be seen that the events occurred in three phases: conspiracy, invasion by Dutch forces and "Glorious Revolution". It has been argued that the invasion aspect had been downplayed as a result of a combination of British pride and successful Dutch propaganda, trying to depict the course of events as a largely internal English affair.
On 16/26 October William boarded his ship, the Den Briel (Brill in English). His standard was hoisted, displaying the arms of Nassau quartered with those of England. The words Pro Religione et Libertate ("For Liberty and [the Protestant] Religion"), the slogan of William's ancestor William the Silent while leading the Dutch Revolt against Catholic Spain, were shown next to the House of Orange's motto, Je maintiendrai ("I will maintain").[54] William's fleet, which with about 40,000 men aboard was roughly twice the size of the Spanish Armada – and assembled in a tenth of the time – consisted of 463 ships,[50] among which 49 warships of more than twenty cannon (eight could count as third rates of 60–68 cannon, nine were frigates), 28 galliots, nine fireships, 76 fluyts to carry the soldiers, 120 small transports to carry five thousand horses, about seventy supply vessels and sixty fishing vessels serving as landing craft.[55][56] Most warships had been provided by the Admiralty of Amsterdam.

Glorious Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Note: Wikipedia states the number as 40,000 but I think it was 25,000 as per another source.)
 
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apple

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@apple sir

No there is still a debate whether it is a foreign invasion or a glorious revolution. The Dutch consider it to be an invasion. The English don`t think so. William was related to James II but he was an Oranje prince. Also he pressed his wife`s claims to the throne. Even after his wife died he ruled England and was also a stadholder there in his Dutch homeland. Also you are wrong with the numbers.

The Dutch force consisted of 25,000 solders.(Not 250 soldiers as per your claim.) Also the Dutch fleet was larger than the Spanish Armada. Here are the sources form Wikipedia. I would like to here the counter points from you.






Glorious Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Note: Wikipedia states the number as 40,000 but I think it was 25,000 as per another source.)
It's very polite of you to call me sir, but that's really not very appropriate.

I understand what your "debate" is about. But, to me, it's confined to academic circles and is totally meaningless and misguided.

I quoted 250 Dutch soldiers because I know that only 250 Dutch soldiers were involved in combat during the "invasion" at the Battle of Reading (where, from memory they fought against mainly Irish soldiers).

You, and the people trying the make the case for the Glorious Revolution being an invasion, are looking at History from the prespective of modern times. The concept of nationality was far different in the Europe of that period than what it became 400 years later.

Your own Wikipedia articles mentions: "The Dutch army was composed mostly of foreign mercenaries; there were Dutch, Scots, English, German, Swiss, and Swedish regiments, even Laplanders[50] as well as "200 Blacks brought from the Plantations of the Netherlands in America",[67] thus from the colony of Surinam. Many of the mercenaries were Catholic.[68] William had his personal guard regiment with him, the Dutch Blue Guards. In response to the threat James had raised five new regiments of foot and five of horse, as well as bringing in Scottish and Irish soldiers. Louis XIV also sent James 300,000 livres."

The Dutch, along with the long list of other nationalities that comprised William's army, did eventually fight during the "invasion" but it long after the landing, in Ireland, and alot of their opponents were French.

England's next king, after William of Orange, was a German who'd never been in Britain and only distantly related to the Tudors (or whoever). No one talks about a German invasion then.

Anyway, this is a big, complicated topic. If you want to call it an invasion, sure, I don't really care and you're not entirely wrong.
 
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